Abstract: The present invention concerns a fire retarding and extinguishing composition, specifically, a liquid fire retarding and extinguishing composition for extinguishing fires caused by classes B and A materials and flammable organic solvents. The fire retarding and extinguishing composition of the present invention comprises:(a) an aqueous extract of plant ash and at least one plant selected from a group consisting of plants of Sapindaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, root skin of Ulmaceae, Phytolaccaceae and cotton seed;(b) at least one surfactant, in an amount of 30-60 percent by weight of the weight of said aqueous extract of plant ash.