Abstract: A method for producing a metal component which is made up of at least two partial elements with differing material properties is distinguished in that a first partial element made of a steel material, which can be tempered, is preassembled in a recess in a second partial element made of a magnetic iron material of low retentivity. A copper based solder is applied to the preassembled component at the recess in the transition area between the first partial element and the second partial element. Thereafter, the component is heated to a temperature which lies above the melting temperature of the solder. After the liquid solder has been distributed in a contact area of the two partial elements, the component is cooled. The component is then brought at least once to the tempering temperature of the steel material of the first partial element, is maintained at this temperature for a predetermined length of time and then is completely cooled.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator includes an electromagnet having a yoke and an operating coil supported by the yoke and connectable to a controllable current supply for effecting a current flow through said operating coil. An armature is movable from a first position remote from the pole face of the electromagnet to a second, pole face-engaging position in response to a first electromagnetic force generated by a current flow through the operating coil. A resetting spring is coupled to the armature and opposes the first electromagnetic force. Further, a circuit is provided which is formed of a braking coil supported by the yoke and a switching element having open and closed states. The circuit is closed in the closed state of the switching element and is in the open state of the switching element.

Abstract: An actuator assembly for operating a setting member includes an actuator body undergoing a dimensional change upon applying electrical energy thereto; a preliminary pressure chamber for accommodating liquid; a diaphragm sealing the preliminary pressure chamber and being displaceable by the actuator body; a valve member carried by the diaphragm; a transfer chamber for accommodating liquid; and a displaceable plate body disposed in the preliminary pressure chamber and sealingly bounding the transfer chamber. The diaphragm, as it is moved by the actuator body, displaces the plate body. A displaceable piston body sealingly bounds the transfer chamber and has a surface which is smaller than the surface of the plate body, whereby the plate body--with the intermediary of the liquid--displaces the piston body to a greater extent than the displacement of the plate body. The piston body, as it moves, displaces the setting member.

Abstract: A device for actuating valves of a reciprocating engine, such as a reciprocating internal combustion engine, includes a lever arrangement having a cam lever and having an adjustment device for adjusting an idle stroke in relation to the valves; a control shaft on which the cam lever is positioned and which can be turned back and forth relative to the lever arrangement so that the adjustment device is actuated; at least one camshaft each having a respective cam which acts upon the lever arrangement to actuate at least one valve, wherein the cam lever is positioned pivotally on the control shaft, in contact with at least one cam on one side thereof, and in contact with the at least one valve to be actuated on another side thereof, wherein the control shaft has a pressure medium channel for supplying a fluid medium defined therein, wherein the control shaft has a cross bore defined therein in communication with the pressure medium channel, and wherein the adjustment device is an hydraulic adjustment device inclu

Abstract: A method of operating an electromagnetic actuator for actuating a setting member wherein the actuator includes at least one electromagnet supplied with current by a control device, and an armature that is operatively connected with the setting member to be actuated and which can be brought out of a first set position, counter to a force of a restoring spring, into a second set position, in which the armature is in contact with the pole face of the electromagnet, when the electromagnet is supplied with current. The change in the setting force of the restoring spring is detected, at least during part of the armature motion, and the respective position of the armature and/or its moving speed is or are derived from this. The derived value is used to check and/or influence the actuation of the electromagnet.

Abstract: A method of recognizing the contact of an armature in an electromagnetic actuator for activating a setting member that can be brought out of a first set position, counter to the force of a restoring spring, and brought into contact with the pole surface of the electromagnet and held when the electromagnet is supplied with current. The controlled (clocked) current course for the holding phase is detected during the time provided for armature contact, and is converted into a current-proportional voltage, and the converted voltage is differentiated and detected as a recognition signal, both for the normal condition of "armature in contact" and the fault condition of "armature is not in contact.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator for actuating a gas-exchange valve in a reciprocating internal combustion engine, the electromagnetic actuator comprising: an armature which is operatively connected to the gas-exchange valve; two electromagnets, each having a pole face; two oppositely oriented restoring springs; wherein the armature is guided in a reciprocating manner counter to the force of the two oppositely oriented restoring springs between the pole faces of the two electromagnets whose current supply can be controlled by a control device, the two electromagnets being disposed in mutual spacing and acting as opening and closing devices; and at least one additional mass which is associated with the gas-exchange valve and can be guided so that it is movable relative thereto and in the same direction of the gas-exchange valve, the at least one additional mass entering into operative connection with the gas-exchange valve, in the final phase of the armature's motion in the direction of a respective one of the two

Abstract: A method for actuating an electromagnetic actuator for a cylinder (gas exchange) valve of a piston-type internal combustion engine, wherein the actuator has two spaced electromagnets and an armature which is operatively connected to the cylinder valve and which is guided movably, as a function of the current supplied to the electromagnet by a control unit, in the closing direction counter to the force of an opener spring and in the opening position counter to the force of a closing spring, and for the normal stroke of the gas exchange valve, the armature is kept via the springs at the same spacing from the two electromagnets when the electromagnets are without current. To shorten the valve stroke during operation, the prestressing of one of the two springs, preferably the opener spring, is variable via an adjusting device which is triggered or controlled via the engine control unit.

Abstract: A valve nozzle for introducing a flowable liquid into a mixing chamber through which flows a gas includes a nozzle head having defined therein the mixing chamber and having a gas delivery conduit which communicates with the mixing chamber, the mixing chamber having at least one nozzle opening through which a mixture of the gas and the flowable liquid pass from the nozzle head; driving device for opening and closing the at least one nozzle opening; closing spring connected to the driving device; an actuating device connected to the closing spring; a closure body which is disposed on the outflow side of the at least one nozzle opening, which is supported on the actuating device, and which is axially movable; a distribution chamber which discharges into the mixing chamber and has a valve seat for the closure body so that the interstice between the valve seat and the closure body, in an open position of the closure body, forms the at least one nozzle opening; a delivery conduit for the flowable liquid which termi

Abstract: An apparatus for reciprocating an engine valve between open and closed positions in an internal-combustion engine includes an electromagnetic actuator having first and second mutually spaced electromagnets for generating electromagnetic forces; and an armature disposed between the first and second electromagnets and movable in response to the electromagnetic forces. The armature is operatively coupled to the engine valve to cause it to reciprocate between its open and closed positions. First and second gas springs are coupled to the armature for opposing the electromagnetic forces generated by the first and second electromagnets, respectively. A pressurized gas source supplies the first and second gas springs with pressure and a control arrangement varies the pressure in the first and second gas springs. A positioning spring is coupled to the engine valve for moving the engine valve into its closed position when the first and second gas springs are in a depressurized state.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine includes a valve block; an injection nozzle carried by the valve block and having a nozzle opening; a valve needle slidable in the injection nozzle for assuming closed and open positions to block and, respectively, to unblock the nozzle opening; a closing spring urging the valve needle into the closed position; and a pressurized fluid port in the valve block. The nozzle opening is in communication with the pressurized fluid port in the open position of the valve needle. A discharge port is defined in the valve block for carrying fluid away therefrom. An equalizing piston, which is slidably disposed in a work chamber in the valve block, is connected with the valve needle. A control plunger is movable in the valve block and has a first position and a second position.

Abstract: A reciprocating-piston machine includes a cylinder; a piston received in the cylinder for reciprocating motion therein; a crankshaft having a crankshaft axis and being torque-transmittingly connected to the piston; a control disk mounted on the crankshaft for rotation therewith in a plane of rotation; an elongated weight-compensating member having opposite ends and extending transversely to the crankshaft axis; a follower roller carried by the weight-compensating member and riding on a cam track of the control disk; a supporting arrangement supporting the weight-compensating member at its ends substantially coplanar with the plane of rotation of the control disk for guiding the weight-compensating member in displacements towards and away from said crankshaft; a spring arrangement included in the support arrangement for urging the weight-compensating member toward the crankshaft to press the follower roller against the cam track with a spring force; and an adjusting device for varying the spring force.

Abstract: A method of initiating motion of at least one of cylinder valve of a cylinder of a reciprocating engine, with each cylinder valve being actuated by an electromagnetic actuator having an electrical closing magnet and an electrical opening magnet, between which magnets an armature that is connected to the cylinder valve to be actuated is movably guided back and forth, counter to the forces of restoring springs, and with the alternating current supply to the closing magnet and the opening magnet being controlled by an electrical engine control. The natural frequency of the spring-mass system formed by the restoring springs and the armature with the cylinder valve is stored in the electrical engine control. The instantaneous rpm and position of the crankshaft with respect to a dead center point position and with reference to the stored natural frequency are detected by the engine control.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for controlling a multiple cylinder internal combustion engine in which exhaust gases undergo subsequent treatment. To ensure a gaseous exchange, air is supplied to the individual cylinders through inlet devices and exhaust gases are discharged through outlet or exhaust devices. The inlet and outlet devices are independently driven but their opening and closing times may be synchronized. Beginning in the cold start phase until the warming up phase, fuel is supplied to only part of the cylinders that act as an engine and the supply of fuel to the other cylinders is cut off. The other cylinders work then as compressors. The air volume heated in these cylinders by compression flows through the outlet device into the exhaust gas system and reacts with the exhaust gases.

Abstract: An actuator for moving a setting member includes a force-generating device; a transmitting member for transmitting a force from the force-generating device to the setting member; a carrier spaced from the transmitting member; and first and second suspension elements spaced from one another parallel to the direction of motion of the transmitting member and being attached to the carrier and the transmitting member for supporting and frictionlessly guiding the transmitting member in motions thereof.

Abstract: A method of controlling a piston-type internal-combustion engine having a cylinder, first and second intake ports opening into the cylinder, as well as first and second intake valves disposed in the first and second intake ports, respectively, for controlling admission of fuel into the cylinder. The method includes injecting fuel simultaneously into the first and second intake ports during operational cycles of the cylinder; at low engine load operating solely one of the first and second intake valves, while maintaining the other of the first and second intake valves inoperative. The operating step is alternated such that the first and second intake valves are alternatingly in an operative and in an inoperative state during consecutive operational cycles of the cylinder.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing an impact speed of an armature on a pole face of an electromagnet in an electro-magnetic actuator, in which the armature moves toward the pole face against a restoring spring force when the coil of the electromagnet is charged with current. The method includes limiting a voltage applied to the coil to a predeterminable maximum value as the armature approaches the pole face so that a current flowing through the coil drops for a portion of the time of the voltage limitation.

Abstract: A method of operating an electromagnetic actuator having an electromagnet provided with a pole face, an armature movable towards and away from the pole face and a resetting spring exerting on the armature a resetting force urging the armature away from the pole face, includes the steps of supplying current to the electromagnet for generating an electromagnetic force moving the armature towards the pole face against the resetting force; and controlling the current supplying step such that at least along a terminal portion of the displacement path of the armature during its approach toward said pole face, the force/time curve of the magnetic force extends substantially parallel to and lies above the force/displacement spring curve of the resetting spring.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator for operating a setting member includes an electromagnet composed of a yoke body and a magnet coil held by the yoke body; an armature adapted to be coupled to the setting member; and a resetting spring for exerting a spring force to the armature. The spring force opposes the magnetic force generated by the electromagnet when energized. The armature is guided in a reciprocating motion which it executes in a direction of armature displacement in response to the magnetic and spring forces. The armature is provided with a plurality of throughgoing, slot-shaped apertures.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator including at least one electromagnet which has a yoke body (1) provided with a coil winding (6), and an armature (10) which is connected with a setting means and which, against the force of a resetting means (11), assumes a contacting relationship with a pole face (12) of the yoke body (1) when the coil winding (6) is energized. The yoke body (1) has an essentially rectangular outline and has at least two parallel side faces (4). The pole face (12) of the yoke body (1) is formed as a circular surface and the armature (10) is formed as a circular disk.