Abstract: The invention provides a method for extraction of at least one extract compound from a material, comprising: a. contacting carbon dioxide with the material to dissolve an amount of the at least one extract compound from the material into the carbon dioxide; b. contacting the carbon dioxide comprising the at least dissolved extract compound with a sorbent to sorb the at least one extract compound onto the sorbent and for regenerating the carbon dioxide; c. recirculating the regenerated carbon dioxide; and d. repeating said recirculating at a constant density of said carbon dioxide of between 100 and 1000 kg/m3, and repeating said recirculating for at least 10 cycles.

Abstract: The invention relates to the marking of textile products that have been dyed using a supercritical dyeing process. More particularly, the invention provides a process of marking a textile substrate with a tracer, said process comprising contacting the textile substrate with a supercritical or near-critical dyeing medium containing a dye and a tracer, said tracer being selected from a metal chelate and a chemiluminescent agent. The process of the present invention uses the supercritical or near-critical dyeing medium as a vehicle for depositing a tracer onto the textile substrate that is also dyed using this medium. The presence of the deposited tracer on the dyed textile can be detected using a simple and reliable authentication method. The invention also concerns a marked textile product obtained by the aforementioned process. Also provided are a dyeing composition that can be used in the aforementioned process as well as methods for authenticating textile products that have been marked using his process.

Abstract: The invention provides a photo bioreactor (1) comprising a vessel (10) containing an aqueous liquid comprising a photosynthetic culture and a light distributor (30). The light distributor has a surface (31) arranged to receive light (40) and a tapered surface (32) arranged to emit at least part of the received light. At least part of the tapered surface. (32) is submerged in the aqueous liquid comprising the photosynthetic culture. Light may be distributed efficiently in the aqueous liquid comprising the photosynthetic culture by relatively simple and cheap means. The reactor allows a high illuminated volume fraction.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of encapsulates, employs: a pumpable emulsion having (i) a continuous phase containing a solvent and a matrix-forming solute dissolved in the solvent and (ii) a dispersed phase; an extractant including supercritical, subcritical or liquefied gas; the solvent being substantially more soluble in the extractant than the matrix-forming solute and the process including the successive steps of: a) combining the pumpable emulsion with the extractant under mixing conditions; b) allowing the formation of particulate encapsulates in which the dispersed phase is encased in a solid matrix of the matrix-forming solute; c) collecting the encapsulates and separating them from the extractant. The present processes is particularly suitable for producing particles containing active ingredients that are very sensitive, whose activity is adversely affected by exposure to oxygen, light, moisture, heat and/or friction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of dehydrating pieces of intact plant or animal tissue, said pieces containing at least 30 wt. % of water, the method comprising (i) contacting the pieces of intact tissue with a pressurized gas to reduce the water content of the pieces by at least 50%, said pressurized gas having a pressure of at least 0.5×Pc and a temperature of at least Tc?60° C., Pc representing the critical pressure of the gas and Tc representing the critical temperature of the gas, and (ii) separating the pressurized gas from the dehydrated pieces, wherein at least 80 wt. %, preferably at least 90 wt. % of the matter removed by the gas from the pieces of intact plant or animal tissue is water. The invention also provides a method of dehydrating a material containing at least 30 wt.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method of making a structuring agent for edible dispersions such as margarines or spreads. Fat, or another structuring component, is subjected to a process involving mixing it with liquefied gas or supercritical gas, and expanding the mixture through an orifice. In the invention, water is added to the mixture prior to expansion, so as to provide a spray liquid in the form of a fat and water emulsion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of dyeing a substrate with a reactive dyestuff in supercritical or near supercritical carbon dioxide, said substrate being selected from the group consisting of cellulose fibers, modified cellulose fibers, protein fibers and of synthetic fibers, or any combination thereof, wherein the method comprises the subsequent steps of: pre-treating the substrate by wetting the substrate with a fluid medium containing at least 10 wt. %, preferably at least 40 wt. % of one or more organic hydrogen bond acceptor compounds selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkanols, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetone, butan-2-one, dimethyl ether, methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; dyeing the substrate by contacting the pre-treated substrate with supercritical or near supercritical carbon dioxide containing a reactive dyestuff.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of dyeing a substrate with a reactive dyestuff in supercritical or near supercritical carbon dioxide, said substrate being selected from the group consisting of cellulose fibers; modified cellulose fibers; protein fibers; synthetic fibers and any combination thereof, wherein the method comprises dyeing said substrate by contacting the substrate with supercritical or near supercritical carbon dioxide containing a reactive dyestuff and one or more acids in a concentration of at least 0.05 mol.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preparing a powder from an aqueous liquid which comprises colloidal particles. The method is based on the use of dense-phase extraction media, i.e. near-critical or supercritical fluids. The powder obtained through the method can be reconstituted with an appropriate aqueous liquid to yield a colloidal dispersion. The method is particularly useful for drying and stabilising aqueous colloidal dispersions comprising an active compound, such as a drug substance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of dyeing a substrate with a reactive dyestuff in supercritical or near supercritical carbon dioxide, said substrate being selected from the group consisting of cellulose fibres; modified cellulose fibres; protein fibres; synthetic fibres and any combination thereof, wherein the method comprises dyeing said substrate by contacting the substrate with supercritical or near supercritical carbon dioxide containing a reactive dyestuff and one or more acids in a concentration of at least 0.05 mol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of dyeing a substrate with a reactive dyestuff in supercritical or near supercritical carbon dioxide, said substrate being selected from the group consisting of cellulose fibres, modified cellulose fibres, protein fibres and of synthetic fibres, or any combination thereof, wherein the method comprises the subsequent steps of: pre-treating the substrate by wetting the substrate with a fluid medium containing at least 10 wt. %, preferably at least 40 wt. % of one or more organic hydrogen bond acceptor compounds selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkanols, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetone, butan-2-one, dimethyl ether, methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; dyeing the substrate by contacting the pre-treated substrate with supercritical or near supercritical carbon dioxide containing a reactive dyestuff.