Abstract: A humanoid robot includes first and second actuators interconnected by a wire bundle routed internally through the actuator structure rather than along its periphery. The first actuator includes a printed circuit board (PCB) positioned near a first side, the PCB having a terminal with signal pins, a positive voltage pin, and a ground pin. A second side of the first actuator, opposite the first side, includes an output portion, an actuator cover with a wire bundle opening, and an actuator opening extending through the second side. The second actuator includes a PCB with a corresponding terminal. The wire bundle has end connectors coupled to the respective PCB terminals, with the wires passing through both the actuator opening and the wire bundle opening of the first actuator. This internal routing arrangement enables compact, organized electrical interconnection between actuators without exposed peripheral wiring across the robot's joints.

Abstract: A bipedal robot includes an upper region includes a head and neck assembly having a neck portion and a head portion coupled to the neck portion. Said head portion includes: a frontal shell having a rear edge, a rear shell having a frontal edge, and an illumination assembly. The illumination assembly is configured to illuminate a region that: (i) extends between a rear edge of the frontal shell and an extent of the frontal edge of the rear shell, (ii) is positioned adjacent to the extent of the rear edge of the frontal shell, and (iii) is positioned adjacent to the extent of the frontal edge of the rear shell.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a humanoid robot with an arrangement of components that allows the robot to mimic the movements, functionality and capabilities of a human being. The robot includes a torso having a side portion and a vent opening positioned near said side portion, and a fan positioned within an extent of the torso that is configured to generate an air flow path through the torso to prevent overheating of internal components. A central processing unit (CPU) is coupled to a first printed circuit board. A first extent of a heat sink is thermally coupled to the CPU and a second extent is positioned within the air flow path. A graphical processing unit (GPU) is coupled to a second printed circuit board. A first extent of a second heat sink is thermally coupled to the GPU and a second extent is positioned within the air flow path.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for coordinating task execution among multiple humanoid robots, comprising receiving a high-level task command, decomposing it into sub-tasks, determining a cost-optimized assignment using a cost-optimized bipedal action model (CoBAM) based on energy consumption, time to completion, and robot capabilities, and transmitting the assignment to assigned robots. The CoBAM comprises a hierarchical architecture including an L2 beta model operating at 1-20 Hz for high-level planning and an L1 alpha model operating at 100-10,000 Hz for continuous control commands. The cost function considers battery levels, physical distances between robot and sub-task locations, and mechanical wear factors associated with specific joint movements.

Abstract: A humanoid robot includes an upper region, a lower region, and a central region. The upper region includes a head, a torso, and a pair of arms coupled to the torso. The lower region is spaced apart from the upper region and includes a pair of legs. The central region is located between the upper region and the lower region and is configured to allow movement of the upper region and the lower region relative to one another. The central region of the humanoid robot is also configured to provide and facilitate at least three types of discrete movement—pitch, roll, and yaw—both forward and backward, both left and right, and independently or at the same time, of the upper region relative to the lower region to provide the humanoid robot with functionality that substantially mirrors movements that most human beings are typically capable of during daily life.

Abstract: A humanoid robot comprising first and second actuators interconnected by a wire bundle. The first actuator includes a printed circuit board (PCB) with a terminal on a first side, and a second side featuring an output portion, an actuator cover with a wire bundle opening, and an actuator opening extending through the second side. The second actuator similarly includes a PCB with a terminal. A wire bundle, having end connectors coupled to each PCB terminal, includes a plurality of wires routed through the actuator opening and the wire bundle opening of the first actuator. The wires include a first portion positioned within the first actuator arranged in one shape, and a second portion external to the first actuator arranged in a different shape. The robot may further include a head-mounted screen, indicator lights, and a computer running a vision-language-action model enabling autonomous operation in human-centric environments.

Abstract: A humanoid robot includes an upper region includes a head and neck assembly having a neck portion and a head portion coupled to the neck portion. Said head portion includes: a frontal shell having a rear edge, a rear shell having a frontal edge, and an electronics assembly. The electronics assembly includes various components and devices used in the operation of the humanoid robot.

Abstract: A humanoid robot includes an upper region, a lower region, and a central region. The upper region includes a head, a torso, and a pair of arms coupled to the torso. The lower region is spaced apart from the upper region and includes a pair of legs. The lower region of the robot includes left and right ankle assemblies configured to control a pitch movement and a roll movement of left and right feet of the humanoid robot. Each ankle assembly can include a foot-roll actuator assembly and a foot-roll actuator assembly. The foot-roll actuator assembly is coupled to the foot and to the foot-flexion actuator. The foot-roll actuator assembly is configured to control roll movement of each respective foot relative to both a shin of each leg and the foot-flexion actuator assembly.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for controlling a humanoid robot. The method comprises identifying a task for the humanoid robot to perform and establishing a safety-related limit. The method includes constructing a phantom inverse kinematics task mathematically derived from the identified task to regularize the robot's pose. The method formulates a combined inverse kinematics problem incorporating the task, phantom inverse kinematics task, and safety-related limit. The method solves the inverse kinematics problem to generate target joint parameters that satisfy the task while remaining within the safety-related limit. The method provides the target joint parameters to actuators to effect physical movement of the humanoid robot.

Abstract: A humanoid robot, including an upper portion including a torso, a head, and left and right arm assemblies; a lower portion including left and right lower leg assemblies; a central portion coupled to the upper portion and including a spine, a pelvis, and left and right upper leg assemblies. Each upper leg assembly includes a hip flex actuator coupled to the pelvis and having a hip flex axis positioned at a non-zero downward angle relative to a transverse plane of the humanoid robot. The upper leg assembly also includes left and right knee actuators, wherein each knee actuator is an electric rotary actuator, has a knee axis that is co-planar with the hip flex axis, and has a momentary peak torque greater than a momentary peak torque of the torso twist actuator. The humanoid robot lacks a distinct torso pitch actuator and wherein the hip flex actuators are collectively arranged to provide for pitch movements of the torso.

Abstract: A humanoid robot includes a torso, a left arm assembly coupled to the torso and having a first reference line, a left wrist coupled to the left arm assembly and including at least a rotational axis, and a left end effector coupled to the left wrist. The left end effector is configured to move about the rotational axis and includes a finger assembly with a second reference line and at least two degrees of freedom, and a thumb assembly with at least three degrees of freedom. A first angle is formed between the first and second reference lines when the left wrist is in a first configuration, and a second angle is formed when the left wrist is in a second configuration. Both the first and second angles are greater than 70 degrees, and the difference between the first and second angles is greater than 150 degrees.

Abstract: A humanoid robot includes an upper region, a lower region, and a central region. The upper region includes a head, a torso, and a pair of arms coupled to the torso. The lower region is spaced apart from the upper region and includes a pair of legs. The central region is located between the upper region and the lower region and is configured to allow movement of the upper region and the lower region relative to one another. The central region of the humanoid robot is also configured to provide and facilitate at least three types of discrete movement—pitch, roll, and yaw—both forward and backward, both left and right, and independently or at the same time, of the upper region relative to the lower region to provide the humanoid robot with functionality that substantially mirrors movements that most human beings are typically capable of during daily life.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a humanoid robot comprising a torso having an alpha model deployed on a first GPU, and wherein said alpha model includes a first number of parameters and is configured to receive a natural language command from a human and generate processed data, a beta model deployed on a second GPU, and wherein said beta model includes a second number of parameters and is configured to receive the processed data from the alpha model and provide output data used to control an extent of the left wrist, and wherein the first number of parameters is larger than the second number of parameters, and a unified training framework is used to jointly train the alpha model and the beta model.

Abstract: A humanoid robot includes an upper region includes a head and neck assembly having a neck portion and a head portion coupled to the neck portion. Said head portion includes: a frontal shell having a rear edge, a rear shell having a frontal edge, and an electronics assembly. The electronics assembly includes various components and devices used in the operation of the humanoid robot.

Abstract: A bipedal robot includes an upper region includes a head and neck assembly having a neck portion and a head portion coupled to the neck portion. Said head portion includes: a frontal shell having a rear edge, a rear shell having a frontal edge, and an illumination assembly. The illumination assembly is configured to illuminate a region that: (i) extends between a rear edge of the frontal shell and an extent of the frontal edge of the rear shell, (ii) is positioned adjacent to the extent of the rear edge of the frontal shell, and (iii) is positioned adjacent to the extent of the frontal edge of the rear shell.

Abstract: A mechanical end effector for a humanoid robot includes a plurality of identical finger assemblies. Each of the finger assemblies is removably connected to a frame. Each of the finger assemblies is fully self-contained and operable independently of every other one of the finger assemblies and independently of every other component connected to the frame. Each of the finger assemblies includes a single electric motor and is configured to be fully operable using only the single electric motor.

Abstract: A humanoid robot includes an upper region includes a head and neck assembly having a neck portion and a head portion coupled to the neck portion. Said head portion includes: a rear shell, and a frontal shell coupled to the rear shell to define a head volume between the frontal shell and the rear shell, and an electronics assembly with a display located in the head volume between the frontal shell and the rear shell. The frontal shell of the head housing assembly includes: a first arc length at a first location below the display, a second arc length at a second location aligned with a portion of the display, and wherein said second arc length is greater than the first arc length, and a third arc length at a third location above the display, and wherein said third arc length is greater than both the first arc length and the second arc length.

Abstract: A humanoid robot includes an upper region includes a head and neck assembly having a neck portion and a head portion coupled to the neck portion. Said head portion includes: a frontal shell having a rear edge, a rear shell having a frontal edge, and an illumination assembly. The illumination assembly is configured to illuminate a region that: (i) extends between a rear edge of the frontal shell and an extent of the frontal edge of the rear shell, (ii) is positioned adjacent to the extent of the rear edge of the frontal shell, and (iii) is positioned adjacent to the extent of the frontal edge of the rear shell.