Abstract: In an optimization apparatus, a computing unit searches for the ground state of an Ising model generated by converting an optimization problem to be solved, based on Ising model information representing the Ising model and a temperature parameter. A control unit determines the minimum value of the temperature parameter, based on a resolution in energy of the computing unit for the Ising model and a first reference value indicating an acceptance probability of state transition in the Ising model at the minimum value, determines a maximum amount of change in energy, based on the Ising model information, determines the maximum value of the temperature parameter, based on the determined maximum amount of change in energy and a second reference value that is greater than the first reference value and indicates the acceptance probability at the maximum value, and sends the minimum and maximum values to the computing unit.

Abstract: A data scramble device includes an intermediate key generation unit configured to generate intermediate keys from random numbers, and an extended key generation unit configured to generate an extended key from intermediate keys generated by the intermediate key generation unit. Further, the data scramble device includes a scramble arithmetic operation unit configured to generate scramble data by performing a scramble arithmetic operation of target data and an extended key generated by the extended key generation unit.

Abstract: A base station in a communications system for exchange of information, includes, a transmission data generator configured to generate frequency band information indicating which frequency band is to be used for transmission of data information with a mobile station; a transmitter configured to transmit the frequency band information, using a specific frequency band which is set from among a plurality of frequency band assigned to the communications system, and to transmit data information by using at least one frequency band set from among said plurality of frequency bands; wherein at least one frequency band set from among said plurality of frequency bands, other than the specific frequency band, is made variable, wherein at the time of establishing the wireless channel, the frequency band usable by the mobile station is restricted, at least one frequency band, other than the specific frequency band, are dynamically assigned within that restricted frequency band.

Abstract: A computer-readable recording medium having stored therein a program for causing a computer to execute a digital signature process, wherein the digital signature process includes distributing packets to machines based on session durations according to a communication of the packets in a given duration, and performing verification tests based on the packets distributed to the machines by each of the machines.

Abstract: A device management system is configured with a target device including at least one unit that includes a tamper-resistant chip, a management apparatus that manages or uses the target device, and an authentication apparatus including a database for authentication, connected via a network in a communicable manner. In the target device, each unit is equipped with the tamper-resistant chip that collects device information specific to a unit, stores collected device information, and stores a confidential-key.

Abstract: A monitoring support apparatus includes an image shot information acquiring unit which acquires image shot information including a plurality of frames shot up by a plurality of cameras at different image shooting times, a difference region extracting unit which, in the pieces of image shot information acquired by the image shot information acquiring unit, compares an arbitrary frame with a frame shot at image shooting time different from that of the arbitrary frame or a background frame shot in advance to detect a region including different pixel values and extracts the detected pixel region as a difference region for each of the pieces of image shot information, and a superimposing unit which superimposes the difference regions of the pieces of image shot information extracted by the difference region extracting unit at the same time to generate one frame.

Abstract: An illuminating structure of a key operating unit for operating a key switch includes a housing unit to have a window portion formed correspondingly to the key switch, a circuit substrate to be provided inside the housing unit, to be disposed with the key switch, and to be provided with a light-guiding window portion, a keypad unit to include a key top portion inserted in the window portion of the housing unit, the keypad unit including a light-guiding portion at least in the key top portion, a light-emitting element to be arranged on a back surface side of the circuit substrate, and an illuminating plate to have a reflecting portion reflecting outgoing light of the light-emitting element to apply the reflected light from the reflecting portion to the keypad unit through the light-guiding window portion of the circuit substrate.

Abstract: An optical transmission system includes an optical nonlinear element having nonlinear input/output characteristics, a power detector detecting a power of a specific frequency component related to an optical signal reproduced by the optical nonlinear element, and a variable amplifier amplifying or attenuating the optical signal inputted to the optical nonlinear element. Evaluation of an output waveform is performed based on the power of the specific frequency component detected by the power detector, and a gain of the variable amplifier is properly controlled, so that an input power of the optical signal inputted to the optical nonlinear element can be easily set such that a good output waveform can be obtained without directly measuring the inputted or outputted optical signal.

Abstract: A circuit substrate comprises a glass substrate 16, through-holes 18 formed through the glass substrate 16 and via electrodes 20 buried in the through-holes 18. An opening width of the through-holes 18 is minimum inside the glass substrate and is increased toward both surfaces of the glass substrate 16. Accordingly, the detachment of the via electrodes 20 can be prevented without increasing the surface roughness of the inside walls of the through holes, and stresses generated in the core substrate can be mitigated.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a receiving apparatus which is capable of demodulating signals with a very simple arrangement. Receiving apparatus 1 has N reception antennas 11-1-11-N, and reception antennas 11-1-11-N receive signals. Channel coefficient estimator 12 estimates and outputs channel coefficients from the signals received by respective reception antennas 11-1-11-N. QR decomposer 13 is supplied with a channel matrix having the channel coefficients as its elements, performs QR decomposition on the channel matrix, and outputs a Q matrix and an R matrix. A QH processor 14 is supplied with the Q matrix and the received signals, multiplies the received signals by a complex conjugate transposed matrix of the Q matrix, and outputs converted signal z. A transmitted sequence estimator 15 is supplied with converted signal z and the R matrix and estimates transmitted sequences.

Abstract: In a load testing apparatus, before the load test, three processor elements are combined, without overage or shortage, with a source processor element and a destination processor element as one pair, and the transmission time between the processor elements for each pair is measured. During the load test, packets are sent at a time from the source processor element to the corresponding destination processor element in the same pair, and the transmission time for each pair is measured. The transmission time measured for each pair in the load test is compared with a corresponding expected value data so as to evaluate the performance.

Abstract: A movable member is arranged on a turning axial line of first and second hinge members such that the movable member is turnable and movable in the direction of the turning axial line. A confronting surface of the first hinge member with respect to the movable member is provided with an end face cam extending in a peripheral direction about the turning axial line. An abutment arm part of the movable member is press-contacted against the end face cam by a biasing force of a coiled spring. Thereby, the biasing force of the coiled spring is converted to a turn biasing force for turning the movable member. The second hinge member is turned via the movable member by the turn biasing force. A terminal end part of the end face cam is provided with a gentle inclination surface.

Abstract: An operational amplifier capable of offset cancel in a shorter period, as well as a line driver capable of shortening one horizontal period and a liquid crystal display device are provided. In the operational amplifier of the invention, a time necessary for feed back control can be shortened than usual by a constitution that an output voltage VO in one horizontal period H1 which is one horizontal period before is defined as a reference voltage in an offset cancel preparatory period HC2, thereby changing the output voltage VO(2) only by the offset voltage VO(2) by the feed back control. In the line driver of the invention, the operational amplifier not used for the output of display data D1 to D6 conducts offset cancel operation and it is successively shifted on every one horizontal period. Since it is no more necessary to incorporate the offset cancel preparatory period in the output period, one horizontal period can be shortened further.

Abstract: A direct-current to direct-current conversion (DC/DC) apparatus includes a control circuit having an error amplifier for voltage control, basing the conversion on a pulse width modulation control using an output of the error amplifier. The error amplifier inputs a voltage signal corresponding to an output voltage of a DC/DC result and a plurality of reference voltage signals. The DC/DC apparatus also includes a soft start capacitor to provide one of the plurality of reference voltage signals. The error amplifier amplifies a difference between the voltage signal corresponding of the output voltage of a DC/DC result and a voltage signal of a lower potential among the plurality of reference voltage signals and carries out the pulse width modulation control. Furthermore, the control circuit includes a circuit for discharging charges corresponding to the output voltage of the DC/DC result when a power supply to the control circuit is turned off.

Abstract: A semiconductor testing device is used for testing a semiconductor device which has at least one spherical connection terminal. The testing device includes an insulating substrate having an opening formed therein at a position corresponding to the position of the spherical connection terminal, and a contact member, formed on the insulating substrate, including a connection portion which is connected with the spherical connection terminal, at least the connection portion being deformable and extending into the opening.

Abstract: A variable optical filter comprises a first polarizer, a first phase difference element operable to generate a phase difference, a variable Faraday rotator operable to impart a variable Faraday rotation, a second phase difference element operable to generate a phase difference, and a second polarizer, wherein said polarizers, said variable Faraday rotator, and said phase difference elements are arranged in the mentioned order along the optical axis, and wherein when the angles formed by the optic axes of said first and second phase difference elements and the transmitted polarization azimuth of the first polarizer are assumed respectively to be ?1 and ?2, these ?1 and ?2 are set to different angles.

Abstract: A gas-discharge display apparatus is provided that reduces influence of light emission of the discharging gas so as to enhance a color reproducible range and make color purity of red color close to the ideal value. The apparatus uses a gas containing at least one of neon and helium for generating the gas discharge and exciting three kinds of fluorescent materials having different light colors to emit light for color image display. In front of the gas discharge space, an optical filter is disposed, whose transmittance at the wavelength of 585 nanometers is smaller than both the transmittance at the wavelength of 450 nanometers and the transmittance at the wavelength of 620 nanometers.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a micromirror unit which includes a frame, a mirror forming base, and bridges connecting the frame to the mirror forming base. The method includes the following steps. First, a first mask pattern is formed on a substrate for masking portions of the substrate which are processed into the frame and the mirror forming base. Then, a second mask pattern is formed on the substrate for masking portions of the substrate which are processed into the bridges. Then, the substrate is subjected to a first etching process with the first and the second mask patterns present as masking means. Then, the second mask pattern is removed selectively. Then, the substrate is subjected to a second etching process with the first mask pattern present as masking means. Finally, the first mask pattern is removed.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor senses an external magnetic field using a spin-filtered sensor current flowing through a non-magnetic layer.

Abstract: A program for displaying a radar chart which shows good visibility regardless of the number of items displayed. A degree of association between each axial label and at least one arranged keyword is judged on the basis of data indicative of the relationship between each axial label and the arranged keyword. The axial labels are assigned to a plurality of axes on a radar chart and a reference point for an assigned axial label is set on each of the plurality of axes. A display position for the arranged keyword is set at a location nearer to a reference point for an axial label the degree of association of which with the arranged keyword is relatively high than to a reference point for an axial label the degree of association of which with the arranged keyword is relatively low. Then an image indicative of the arranged keyword is displayed at the display position set on the radar chart.