Abstract: A new two-step process for the preparation and industrial manufacture of calixarenes is disclosed. In the first step, linear phenolic oligomers are prepared in a basic medium from an optionally substituted phenol and a formaldehyde source. The reaction mixture is then neutralized or acidified, and cyclization of the oligomers is brought about at higher temperatures in the same reaction medium which is made water free and optionally completed by higher boiling liquids. The process allows a definite control of the cyclic compounds to be synthesized. Furthermore, novel calixarene compounds are disclosed as well as an installation for carrying out the process on a laboratory or industrial scale.

Abstract: A process for the confinement of generally harmful solid materials is disclosed and claimed. The solid materials are immobilized and confined within a solid matrix for an unlimited storage free from pollution risks. The solid materials are mixed with at least one low condensed, liquid phenolic resin and a cross-linking agent which is selected from partly or wholly sulfonated linear and/or cyclic phenolic oligomers, and the cross-linking which forms said solid matrix under hardening is allowed to occur. When a mould is used for the hardening reaction, solid blocks are formed which are resistant to water, heat, and environmental acids and bases. These blocks need not be stored in a safe environment but can further be used for applications such as construction elements.