Abstract: A radiating antenna element intended to be used in small-sized radio devices, and a radio device having an antenna element according to the invention. The antenna element is part of the covers of a radio device. The antenna element may be conductive throughout, or it may comprise a dielectric portion and a conductive portion, which constitute a single integral component. The radiating portion of the antenna element is relatively large, e.g. in a foldable phone (20) the antenna element (200) may comprise the whole cover of a foldable part (21) except for the front side. The radiating element is advantageously fed electromagnetically through a feed element. As the radiating element is relatively large and is located on the outer surface of the device, the radiation characteristics of the antenna are good, and the space required by the antenna inside the device is relatively small.

Abstract: An internal planar antenna for small radio apparatuses. The ground plane (310) of the planar antenna is shaped such that it improves the matching of the antenna. The shaping may be done by means of one or more slots (315, 316) in the ground plane. The slot suitably changes the electrical length of the ground plane as viewed from the short-circuit point (S) so that the ground plane will function as a radiator in an operating band of the antenna. Also the slot (331) in the ground plane can be arranged to function as an additional radiator in an operating band of the antenna. Antenna gain will increase as the matching is improved, and the upper band of a dual band antenna, for example, can be made broader.

Abstract: An antenna of a radio apparatus, the directional pattern of which can be altered controllably. The antenna comprises at least one conductive element, additional from the viewpoint of the basic operation of the antenna, for shaping the directional pattern of the antenna. Such a conductive element (330, 340) is connected to signal ground at a ground point relatively near the feed point (F) of the antenna. The conductive element has a part (331) the length of which is about a quarter of the wavelength at an operating frequency of the antenna, pointing from the ground point (G) in a direction substantially opposite to the feeding direction of the radiating element (320). That part is used to equalize the directional pattern of the antenna in the receiving band. In addition, the conductive element has a second part (332) pointing from the ground point to the feeding direction of the radiating element to set a directional pattern notch at transmitting band frequencies in a desired direction.

Abstract: An internal multiband antenna and a radio device intended particularly for small-sized radio devices. The antenna has a relatively wide surface radiator (330), which is electromagnetically connected to the antenna port of the radio device via a separate feed element (320). At least two useful resonances are generated with the aid of the feed element, and at least one inherent resonance of the radiator is also utilized. The radiator has a hole (350), by which one useful additional resonance is generated. An oscillation is excited in the hole by placing the feed element close to its edge and by suitably choosing the locations of the feed point (F) and the shorting point (S) of the feed element. The frequency of the hole resonance is finely tuned by varying the capacitance between the hole's edge and the ground plane at a suitable place (331). An operating band of the antenna can be widened by means of said additional resonance.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated structure of a radio-frequency front end of a communications apparatus. The antenna of the communications apparatus is constructed on a printed circuit board. To this antenna board (310), on its ground plane side, a second circuit board (321) is attached by means of a rigid protective frame (410), which second circuit board includes the other parts of the radio-frequency front end. Between the parts impedance levels are used that are appropriate from the electrical operation perspective. All said parts together form an integrated component (400) to be located inside the housing of the communications apparatus. The advantage of the invention is that it requires a smaller number of components needed for matching between the RF parts, and makes possible a greater sensitivity of the receiver as well as a better transmitter efficiency than prior art structures.

Abstract: A small and foldable radio device antenna and a radio device which has an antenna according to an embodiment of the invention. The radiating element in the antenna is a conductor having an outline shaped substantially like a rectangle and defining a plane which is perpendicular to the ground plane situated on the circuit board of the radio device. The radiating element fits inside the foldable device in the perpendicular position. The element is connected to the radio device only by its feed point. Resonating frequencies of the element can be arranged by shaping the element, and by means of discrete components. The matching of the antenna is arranged by providing an appropriate distance between the radiating element and ground plane. In an operating situation, an antenna gain is achieved which is considerably higher than that of a PIFA of equal height.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a structure suitable as an internal antenna in small radio devices, and an antenna element to which the method is applied. The antenna element comprises a radiating plane and additionally e.g. supportive elements, a feed conductor and short-circuit conductor as well as extensions to increase capacitance. The antenna element is fabricated by first extruding from a billet an antenna billet, and working the latter as required. The antenna billet may be symmetrical so that two antenna elements will be produced when it is cut in half. Advantageously the antenna element is fabricated so as to conform with the covering of the device in which it is placed. It may also be part of a covering of a device. The manufacturing costs of the antenna element are relatively low and the radio characteristics of the element are good. An antenna structure employing the element has got few separate parts and is mechanically firm and space-conserving.

Abstract: An internal multiband antenna intended to be used in small-sized radio devices and a radio device having an antenna according to the invention. The radiating element (330) of the antenna is a conductive part in the cover of the radio device or a conductive surface attached to the cover. The radiating element is fed electro-magnetically by a feed element (320) connected to the antenna port. The feed element is designed (321, 322) such that it has, together with the radiating element and ground plane (310), resonating frequencies in the areas of at least two desired operating bands. In addition, the resonating frequency of the radiating element itself is arranged to fall into an operating band. Antenna matching is provided by feed element design and short-circuiting (315). The radiating element design can be based on the desired external appearance of the device, and the locations of the operating bands and antenna matching are provided through feed element design and short-circuiting.

Abstract: An arrangement for bypassing a low-noise amplifier (LNA), intended especially to be used in base stations of mobile networks. For the bypass, a receiver antenna filter (210) has a second output (OUT2) parallel with a first output (OUT1) connected to the LNA. The antenna filter is of the resonator type, and there is a conductive element for each of its outputs in the resonator cavity. Selection between the LNA out-put signal and signal coming direct from the antenna filter is made by a changeover switch (SW). The noise figure of the receiver front stage (220) will improve as the series switch on the signal path, which most degrades the noise figure, is removed between the filter and LNA, and isolation on the LNA bypass path increases.

Abstract: The invention relates to planar antennas the structural components of which include a parasitic element. The antenna structure comprises a PIFA-type structure (230, 210, 202) to be placed inside the covers of a mobile station. The PIFA is fed parasitically e.g. through a conductive strip (240) placed on the same insulating board. The feed conductor (203) of the whole antenna structure is in galvanic contact with this feed element; a short-circuit point the feed element doesn't have. The feed element (240) also serves as an auxiliary radiator. The resonance frequencies of the antenna elements or their parts are arranged according to need so as to overlap, to be close to each other or to be relatively wide apart. The structure may also comprise a whip element in connection with the feed element. According to the invention, a relatively simple structure provides a reliable dual resonance and, hence, a relatively wideband antenna when the resonances are close to each other.

Abstract: A multi-band planar antenna applicable as an internal antenna in small-sized mobile stations, and to a radio device including an antenna according to the invention. The basis is a conventional dual band PIFA with its feeding and shorting conductors and a non-conducting slot. The planar element (220) has a second slot (232) known as such, which starts at the edge of the planar element on the other side of the feeding conductor (221) and shorting conductor (211) than the above-mentioned slot (231). In addition the structure comprises a second shorting conductor (212) on the other side of the second slot, than the feeding conductor. The second slot acts as a radiator, which for instance broadens the upper band of a dual band antenna. The second shorting conductor facilitates a better matching of a multi-band antenna than in corresponding prior art antennas. The antenna is simple, and its manufacturing costs are relatively low.

Abstract: An adjustable multi-band planar antenna especially applicable in mobile terminals. A conductive element is placed in the structure of an antenna of PIFA type such that the conductive element has a significant electromagnetic coupling to the radiating plane. The parasitic element at issue is connected to a matching circuit (550) consisting of several reactive element. The parasitic element, the matching circuit and a line (540) between them constitute an adjusting circuit of the antenna. The circuit values of the matching circuit can be chosen from at least two alternatives. Alteration in the circuit values changes the coupling between the parasitic element and the ground, in which case an operation band of the antenna is displaced, because the electric length of the antenna's part corresponding that band is changed, measured from the short-circuit point. Regarding the shiftable operation band, proper impedance matching and a proper efficiency can be arranged for the antenna.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dielectric antenna, particularly suited to portable radio devices. The feed conductor (231) of the antenna is shaped so that it at the same time in itself serves as a radiator in the same frequency range as the dielectric resonator (220) of the antenna. The resonance frequencies of the feed conductor and the dielectric resonator are advantageously arranged to be so near to each other that there is formed a united operation band. The feed conductor is advantageously located on a surface (223) of the dielectric element. The structure may also include parasitic conductors. For the antenna according to the invention, there is obtained a larger bandwidth than for corresponding antennas of the prior art. Moreover, the air gaps between the feed conductor and the dielectric element are avoided, as well as resulting changes in the electric properties.

Abstract: An arrangement for enhancing electrical isolation between antennas in antenna structures comprising at least two antennas, and a radio device applying the arrangement. The interfering antenna comprises components causing substantial degradation in radiation characteristics in the operating band of another antenna. For example, a PIFA (310) may comprise, instead of a short-circuit conductor, a conductive structure (312, 313, 314) having a parallel resonance in the operating band of another antenna (320). Mutual interference of radio parts using separate antennas can be made relatively small without electrical isolation arrangements between antenna elements. Moreover, the invention makes antenna filter design easier and reduces disadvantages caused by antenna filters.

Abstract: An adjustable planar antenna especially applicable to mobile terminals, and to a radio device provided with that kind of antenna. The basic structure of the antenna is PIFA. On a surface of a dielectric part (205) there is placed a strip conductor (230) so that this has a significant electromagnetic coupling to the radiating plane (220). The strip conductor can be connected by a switch (SW) to the ground plane. When the switch is closed, the electric length of the radiating plane is changed, measured from the short point (S). In which case also the antenna's resonance frequency is changed. The change depends on the place and the size of the strip conductor. In the case of a multi-band antenna the strip conductor can be placed so that it has a remarkable electromagnetic coupling to one or more radiating elements (B1, 226). The adjusting of planar antenna is performed by means of small additive components, which do not presume changes in the antenna's basic structure and do not enlarge the antenna.

Abstract: Antenna structure (200) which finds particular utility in mobile stations and the electrical characteristics of which can be electrically modified. The radiating element (210) of the antenna or a part thereof is manufactured from a strongly magnetostrictive material. The antenna is equipped with at least one electromagnet (220) by means of which a magnetic field (?) can be generated into the magnetostrictive material. This causes the radiating element to grow (?l) in a certain direction, whereby the resonance frequency of the antenna will decrease. The antenna can be electrically adjusted without adding any component in the antenna itself, thereby making the adjustment reliable.

Abstract: Method for producing radiator components for internal antennas in small-sized radio devices. The basis is for instance a tape-like plastic blank (301) wound on a coil former (RL1). In order to support a radiator a flat-topped protrusion (311) is formed into the plastic blank, for instance by pressing with a hot tool. The height of the protrusion is the designed height of the planar antenna. The actual radiator (RPN) with its conductors is formed by removing material from a conducting film to be attached to the top of the boss. A feeding conductor and a shorting conductor are formed as extensions of the radiator, and they are located on a surface of the protrusion. A contact is attached both to the feeding conductor and to the shorting conductor in order to later connect the antenna component to a radio device. Elongated gaps can be made in the plane of the plastic blank around the edges of the protrusion in order to facilitate loosening of the component.

Abstract: An adjustable multi-band planar antenna especially applicable in mobile terminals. In the structure of the antenna, advantageously on a surface of a dielectric part, there is placed a conductive element (430) having a significant electromagnetic coupling to the radiating plane (422). The arrangement further comprises a filter (440) and a switch (SW) so that the parasitic conductive element at issue can be connected through the filter to a terminal element (TE) connected to the ground plane. That terminal element is pure short-circuit or a reactive element. An antenna's operation band, which is desired to be displaced, situates on pass band of the filter, and another operation band, which is desired not to be effected, situates in stop band of the filter. Controlling the switch causes the electric length of the antenna's part corresponding for example the upper operation band to change measured from the short-circuit point, in which case also the resonance frequency changes and the band is displaced.

Abstract: Radio telephone structure where different functions share mechanical parts. The structure employs at least one piezoelectric ceramic element (350, 360) to produce mechanical movement in a component that would be needed in the radio telephone anyway. The mechanical movement generates sound waves or vibration. The moving element may be a plane or part of a plane (311, 312) of a planar antenna. The structure can be applied inverted, in which case the earphone assembly, for example, serves as a microphone. The number of components and/or elements needed in a radio telephone is reduced and the overall space required by the antenna and speaker is reduced.

Abstract: An arrangement designed for radio phones for integrating a mechanical structure of the antenna head of the phone. The mechanical structures of an antenna and a speaker of the radio phone are integrated so that a given planar component radiates both radio waves and sound waves. The radiator component (310) comprises a layer (315, 316) of a material, a shape of which can be controlled by means of a voltage. The sound waves, i.e. fluctuation of the air pressure are thus generated by causing the thickness or position of the layer to fluctuate according to the control voltage. The antenna head of the radio phone becomes more compact than in the prior art, and it takes up less space because the antenna and the speaker utilize same structural elements.