Abstract: Radio-frequency devices that have internal radio-frequency chips are personalized. A radio-frequency device is inserted into a package. An identifier is read electromagnetically from the radio-frequency chip with a radio-frequency transceiver while the radio-frequency device is within the package. Personalization information is written electromagnetically onto the radio-frequency chip while the radio-frequency device is within the package. An association between the personalization information and the identifier is recorded on a storage device.