Abstract: The present invention provides Gram staining methods and kits in which conventional aqueous iodine-iodide solutions and separate decolorizer solutions are replaced by storage stable alcoholic solutions of iodine-iodide.

Abstract: A microprocessor-controlled pH and ion concentration meter is disclosed with improved calibration and testing procedures. For calibration (standardization), the meter stores number pairs (pX.sub.a, E.sub.a), (pX.sup.b, E.sub.b) where the pX values may be pH values (e.g., 4.00 and 7.00) and the E values are expressed in mV/deg K. When multiple standard values are stored, remeasuring one (e.g., replacing E.sub.a1 by E.sub.a2) can be used to update the others (e.g., E.sub.b1 to E.sub.b2) without remeasurement by applying the formula:E.sub.b2 =E.sub.b1 +(E.sub.a2 -E.sub.a1).Additionally, the meter can be tested for excessive internal bias current by measuring the potential (V1) when the meter is connected to a circuit of low impedance and the potential (V2) when the meter is connected to a circuit of the same voltage source but of known high impedance and having the meter compare (V2-V1) to a preset limit value.

Abstract: A linear peristaltic pump equipped with a pressure relief mechanism for pumping I.V. fluids to a patient comprises a platen for supporting the tube, and a plurality of fingers which sequentially urge against the tube resting against the platen for creating a moving zone of occlusion. Cam lobes are formed to lift a penultimate and ultimate finger off of the tube at a rate faster than the other fingers to prevent pressure increases inside the tube which would otherwise be caused by other fingers urging against the tube. Additionally, the ultimate finger may be shortened with respect to the other fingers to reduce the total occlusion time of the ultimate finger to provide a more linearized flow of fluid to the patient.

Abstract: An analysis system includes analysis station structure, sample station structure spaced from the analysis station structure along a straight line path, support shaft structure disposed along an axis parallel to the straight line path, and a transport carriage with probe structure mounted on the carriage. The transport carriage is mounted on the support shaft structure for movement along that shaft and is keyed thereto for pivoting movement in response to rotation of the shaft. A first drive includes a drive motor and cable structure coupled between the carriage and the drive motor for moving the transport carriage along the shaft to selectively position the probe structure at the sample and analysis stations, and a second drive rotates the shaft for inserting the probe into and withdrawing the probe from chamber structure at the sample and analysis stations. Metering means coupled to the probe flows liquid into and discharges liquid from the probe.

Abstract: A multicuvette rotor for use in a centrifugal analyzer defines a circumferential array of elongated radially extending cuvettes and includes a one-piece body member of molded transparent material that has a planar upper surface and that defines a circumferential array of elongated cuvette recesses, and a one-piece cover member of molded transparent material that has a planar lower surface parallel to the planar upper surface of the body member with a continuous seal extending around each cuvette recess between the planar upper and lower surfaces to define the circumferential array of analytical cuvettes.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentrations of total calcium and at least one monovalent ion in a sample includes the steps of mixing the sample with a diluent that has a pH within the range pH 6.5 to 7.0 and includes 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol phosphate and is free of the monovalent ion. An aliquot of the diluted sample is concurrently contacted with a calcium-specific ion selective electrode and an ion selective electrode specifically responsive to the monovalent ion, the response of the calcium-specific ion selective electrode is measured as an indication of the concentration of total calcium in the sample, and the response of the monovalent ion specific ion selective electrode is measured as an indication of the concentration of the monovalent ion in the sample.

Abstract: An analysis system includes sample insertion module structure with structure defining a reduced pressure reservoir, structure defining a sample region, and structure defining a reagent circuit that includes metering chamber structure in series with the reagent circuit. First transfer valve structure is arranged to couple the sample region to the reagent circuit on one side of the metering chamber structure, and second transfer valve structure is arranged to couple the reagent circuit to the reduced pressure reservoir structure on the side of the metering chamber structure remote from the first transfer valve structure for inserting an intact metered quantity of sample liquid into a reagent stream.

Abstract: A highly efficient switching regulator for a field effect transistor employed in a regulated power supply as the switching element for an unregulated power source. The emitters of a pair of complementary control transistors are coupled to the gate of the field effect transistor, while the bases of each of the control transistors are coupled to a driver circuit. The driver circuit includes a switch operated by a control unit that senses the level of the output voltage of the regulated power supply and constant current circuit. The control transistors are connected for Class C operation, so that only one control transistor is conductive at any time. A charging capacitor charged from the unregulated voltage source is coupled to the gate of the field effect transistor when one of the control transistors is conductive, causing the field effect transmission to be conductive.

Abstract: An air-in-line detector for use with an IV administration system comprises a light emitter positioned relative to a plurality of light sensors for receiving an IV tube therebetween. A comparator is connected with the light sensors to determine the relative intensity of light respectively incident on each sensor. Means connected with the comparator generates signals in accordance with the relative intensities to indicate whether an IV tube is present and, if so, whether there is fluid or air in the tube.

Abstract: An adjustable hanger includes an arm having a suspension member, and having an opening for receiving a hanger support frame. A plunger is slidably mounted on the arm, and has a corresponding opening for receiving the hanger support frame. The plunger is slidable to an unlocked position in which the opening in the plunger is aligned with the opening in the arm to allow the arm and plunger to move freely along the hanger support frame through the aligned openings, and a biasing element is interposed between the arm and the plunger for biasing the plunger against the support frame for locking the adjustable hanger in a desired position.In a preferred embodiment, the plunger is coaxially movable within an axial cavity of the arm, and the plunger includes a button at one end thereof. The arm may include a finger tab, and the suspending member may be in the form of a hook which includes a finger support portion.

Abstract: A cassette for use with an I.V. infusion pump has a housing with a first inlet, a second inlet, an outlet, and a port to the I.V. infusion pump. A valve body is positioned within the housing to selectively establish fluid communication from the first inlet to the port, or from the second inlet to the port, or from the port to the outlet. Movement of the valve body within the housing into yet another position allows for the free flow of fluid directly between the first inlet or the second inlet and the outlet.

Abstract: A liquid monitoring system includes chamber structure with a monitoring region in which the liquid to be monitored is disposed, the monitoring region having two spaced wall portions and a supplemental wall portion. The system further includes a radiation source mounted adjacent one of the spaced wall portions or directing a beam of radiation along a horizontal path, and a sensor mounted adjacent the opposed wall portion for receiving radiation in a beam path. The incident radiation beam as it passes through the wall into the monitoring region is refracted at the region surface as a function of gas or liquid within the region. At a first refracting angle, the refracted beam impinges on the supplemental wall and is internally reflected, the reflected radiation passing along a reflected beam path and sensed by the detector to provide an indication of the fluid in the chamber. At a second refracting angle, the refracted beam is not reflected in a direction such that radiation from the source is sensed.

Abstract: A liquid handling system includes flow network module structure that defines a contained array of flow channels and a plurality of valves for controlling liquid flow through the flow channel array. The flow network module structure is adapted to be connected to an external source for applying a pressure differential to the flow network array to produce liquid flow within passages of the array. Also incorporated in the flow network module is chamber structure that is connected to the flow channel array and that has port structure in an outer surface of the module structure. Valve structure on the module structure is movable between a first position in which the port structure is closed and a second position in which the port structure is opened, the valve structure including actuator structure for moving a valve member between the first and second positions.

Abstract: A device for detecting partial restriction in a fluid line connecting a fluid source with an IV infusion pump comprises a gauge mounted on the pump and operatively associated with the line to determine fluid pressure therein. The pump also comprises a peristable finger to conditionally occlude the line and a miroprocessor, upon occlusion of the line, to establish fluid pressure parameters within which the indication is that there is no partial restriction in the line. The pump also uses the microprocessor to compare actual pressure measured by the gauge during an occlusion with the established parameters to determine whether pump operation is to be continued.

Abstract: A rotary shear valve comprising two stators and a rotor is filled with specimen in a first rotary position. Movement of the rotor to a second rotary position divides the specimen into aliquots, one or more of which are dispensed in the second rotary position. A cleaning cycle is provided in which cleaning solution is introduced, with the rotor in a third rotary position, into circumferentially-extending arced grooves formed in the rotor faces, which contacts in the third rotary position those portions of the rotor faces likely to contain smeared specimen. The requirement for disassembly for cleaning is thereby reduced.

Abstract: A holder holding in fixed array:(a) a plurality of vertically-extending slides each having a vertically-extending face,(b) a plurality of vertically-extending cover members, each having a vertically-extending face, each face of a vertically-extending slide being spaced by a first distance less than 0.5 mm from a face of a vertically-extending cover member. The holder engages the vertically-extending slides and vertically-extending cover members adjacent to their upper ends in a fixed array with the sample face of each slide being a first distance from a substantially parallel face of a vertically-extending cover member. The lower edge of each slide extends horizontally and is spaced from a substantially parallel horizontally-extending lower edge of a cover member by the first distance. The space between the horizontally-extending lower edges is open.

Abstract: An analysis system has a first region in which sample materials are stored at an appropriate storage temperature and an analysis region which is maintained at a controlled and stabilized temperature higher than the temperature of the first region. Transfer mechanism for transferring a quantity of sample material from the first region for loading into an analysis cuvette in the analysis region includes a liquid handling probe that is mounted on a probe transport carriage, and a drive for moving the transport carriage between the first and second regions. The transport carriage includes a storage chamber connected to the liquid handling probe, thermal energy supplying means in heat exchange relation with the storage chamber, and thermal sensor means carried by the transport carriage. Means responsive to the thermal sensor supplies thermal energy to the transport carriage to maintain the storage chamber at substantially the same temperature as the analysis region.

Abstract: A sheetlike object with a planar front face, a linear lower edge, a thickness about 0.5-5 mm and a raised pattern on a portion of the front face about 50-500 micrometers forwardly of the front face. For example, a rectangular microscope slide 25 mm wide, 75 mm high and 1 mm thick coated on one side by an adherent coating 50-500 micrometers thick. Two such slides with abutting coating portions of 50-125 micrometer thickness form a capillary gap between the remainder of the planar surfaces of 100-250 micrometer thickness. One such slide with a coating of 100-250 micrometer thickness forms a corresponding gap when placed against a flat (uncoated) slide. A similar raised portion is created by affixing a thin object (e.g., a 150 micrometer thick cover slip) to a portion of a microscope slide. Liquid is drawn into and out of the capillary gap by contacting the edge of the gap with liquids and then by absorbent.