Abstract: This invention pertains to machines, circuits, and programs that can heal, using a principle of self-modifiability. In some embodiments, a machine can self-modify its machine instructions when one or more instructions are missing or corrupted or malfunctioning. In some embodiments, a machine uses a meta instruction to heal its instructions. In some embodiments, the invention describes a flip-flop circuit that can heal its computation when the circuit is sabotaged by a noise attack. In some embodiments, a self-modifiable circuit uses meta variables and meta operators as a part of the circuit design to heal the circuit when it is attacked.

Abstract: Methods and systems described herein authenticate a user and help secure transaction. A display screen presents images that are difficult for malware to recognize but a person can recognize. In at least one embodiment, a person communicates transaction information using visual images received from the service provider system. In at least one embodiment, a user selects a sequence of visual images as a means of authenticating the user and logging into a financial account or other corporate account. In some embodiments, methods and systems are provided for determining whether to grant access, by generating and displaying visual images on a screen that the user can recognize, and select. In an embodiment, a user presses his or her finger or fingers on a display screen to select images as a method for authenticating and protecting communication from malware.

Abstract: This invention pertains to secure communications between multiple parties and/or secure computation or data transmission between multiple computers or multiple vehicles. This invention provides a secure method for three or more parties to establish one or more shared secrets between all parties. In some embodiments, there are less than 40 parties and in other embodiments there are more than 1 million parties that establish a shared secret. In some embodiments, establishing a shared secret among multiple parties provides a method for a secure conference call. In some embodiments, a shared secret is established with multiple computer nodes across the whole earth to help provide a secure Internet infrastructure that can reliably and securely route Internet traffic. In some embodiments, a shared secret is established so that self-driving vehicles may securely communicate and securely coordinate their motion to avoid collisions.

Abstract: Our machine architecture and machine procedures use robustness, unpredictably and variability to hinder malware infection. In some embodiments, our machine instruction opcodes are randomized. The computing behavior of our machine is structurally stable (invariant) to small changes made to its machine instructions. Our invention expands the engineering method of stability to a cryptographically stable machine that is resistant to malware sabotage by an adversary. Our procedures use quantum randomness to build unpredictable stable instructions. Our machine procedures can execute just before running a program so that the computing task can be performed with a different representation of its instructions during each run. A process of hiding a key or data inside of random noise is described that protects the privacy of the machine instruction opcodes and operands. In some embodiments, quantum randomness generates random noise, using photonic emission with a light emitting diode.

Abstract: A process of hiding a key or data inside of random noise is introduced, whose purpose is to protect the privacy of the key or data. In some embodiments, the random noise is produced by quantum randomness, using photonic emission with a light emitting diode. When the data or key generation and random noise have the same probability distributions, and the key size is fixed, the security of the hiding can be made arbitrarily close to perfect secrecy, by increasing the noise size. The hiding process is practical in terms of infrastructure and cost, utilizing the existing TCP/IP infrastructure as a transmission medium, and using light emitting diode(s) and a photodetector in the random noise generator. In some embodiments, symmetric cryptography encrypts the data before the encrypted data is hidden in random noise, which substantially amplifies the computational complexity.

Abstract: This invention pertains to secure communications between multiple parties and/or secure computation or data transmission between multiple computers or multiple vehicles. This invention provides a secure method for three or more parties to establish one or more shared secrets between all parties. In some embodiments, there are less than 40 parties and in other embodiments there are more than 1 million parties that establish a shared secret. In some embodiments, establishing a shared secret among multiple parties provides a method for a secure conference call. In some embodiments, a shared secret is established with multiple computer nodes across the whole earth to help provide a secure Internet infrastructure that can reliably and securely route Internet traffic. In some embodiments, a shared secret is established so that self-driving vehicles may securely communicate and securely coordinate their motion to avoid collisions.

Abstract: Methods and systems described herein perform a secure transaction. A display presents images that are difficult for malware to recognize but a person can recognize. In at least one embodiment, a person communicates transaction information using visual images received from the service provider system. In at least one embodiment, a universal identifier is represented by images recognizable by a person, but difficult for malware to recognize. In some embodiments, methods and systems are provided for determining whether to grant access, by generating and displaying visual images on a screen that the user can recognize. In an embodiment, a person presses ones finger(s) on the screen to select images as a method for authenticating and protecting communication from malware. In at least one embodiment, quantum randomness helps unpredictably vary the image location, generate noise in the image, or change the shape or texture of the image.

Abstract: An active element machine is a new kind of computing machine. When implemented in hardware, the Active element machine can execute multiple instructions simultaneously, because every one of its computing elements is active. This greatly enhances the computing speed. By executing a meta program whose instructions change the connections in a dynamic Active element machine, the Active element machine can perform tasks that digital computers are unable to compute.

Abstract: In one embodiment, messages are encrypted with encrypted transformations that commute with one another. In another embodiment, a message is divided into message segments, and with each encrypted message segment one or more encrypted keys are sent. The encrypted keys may be used to decrypt a message segment that is sent at another time, such as the next message segment to be sent. In another embodiment, a sender encrypts a message with a first encryption, which may be unknown to the receiver. Then a receiver encrypts the message with a second encryption. Next the sender removes the first encryption, thereby allowing the receiver to reconstitute the original message by removing the second encryption.

Abstract: An Effector machine is a new kind of computing machine. When implemented in hardware, the Effector machine can execute multiple instructions simultaneously because every one of its computing elements is active. This greatly enhances the computing speed. By executing a meta program whose instructions change the connections in a dynamic Effector machine, the Effector machine can perform tasks that digital computers are unable to compute.

Abstract: NADO is a process for encrypting and decrypting information in a variety of cryptographic devices. The underlying process is a fast stream-like cipher that can be implemented efficiently in analog or digital hardware or in software. The NADO process makes use of three novel methods in cryptography: 1) A sequence of permutations which scrambles and spreads out the encrypted information; (2) A state generator built with a non-autonomous dynamical system to generate an unpredictable sequence of states; (3) One or more perturbators which perturb both the non-autonomous dynamical system and the sequence of permutations in a non-periodic way.