Abstract: In a touch panel display, a substrate (11) of the touch panel (10) or the touch panel itself is used as an optical guide for lighting a reflective display (20).

Abstract: In a touch panel display, the touch panel (10) is inclined with respect to the (reflective) display (20) to prevent degradation of the image by spurious reflections.

Abstract: A transflective color display having apertures in reflective electrodes through which light from a backlight (9) passes in the transmissive mode. The switching behavior for both the reflective and the transmissive mode is made identical by introducing a retardation plate (11). The transmission efficiency is further increased by using only a monochrome green mode in transmission.

Abstract: A backlight luminaire (50) is provided with at least two tubular fluorescent lamps (44, 45), with portions of the lamps (44, 45) exhibiting a variation in spectral characteristic in the longitudinal direction. The portions of the lamps are so positioned relative to each other that the spectral characteristic of a portion of a first lamp (44) and the spectral characteristic of a portion of a second lamp (45), which portions are arranged one beside the other, vary in opposite directions. The luminaire is further provided with a plurality of sub-reflectors (42, 43), the majority of the sub-reflectors (43) being provided with said portion of the first lamp (44) and said portion of the second lamp (45). Preferably, the majority of the lamps (44, 45) is distributed over more than one sub-reflector (43). Preferably, the lamps (44, 45) are U-shaped and alternately connected in series.

Abstract: A backlight luminaire (50) comprising a plurality of fluorescent lamps (44, 45) and a plurality of sub-reflectors (42, 43) is characterized in that the majority of the sub-reflectors (43) are provided with a portion of more than one lamp. In addition, the majority of the lamps (44, 45) are distributed over more than one sub-reflector (43). The lamps (44, 45) are preferably U-shaped and alternately connected in series. The backlight luminaire (50) is employed in liquid-crystal display devices (51) to attain a uniform light distribution.

Abstract: Display device having such electrically conducting patterns in the supply electrodes (4, 5) that flashover easily occurs between the supply electrodes (for example, pointed projections (3, 15). Damage of switching elements (12, 23) due to electrostatic charge is thereby prevented.

Abstract: The effective image surface area can be increased by insulating, for example by means of an additional layer of an insulating material, electrodes and conductive parts of a black matrix relative to each other at the location of the edge of a patterned top coat of a display device.

Abstract: The invention provides active-matrix display devices with non-linear two-pole switching elements such as MIMs or three-pole switching elements such as TFTs having a smaller difference in charge current at a different image content by using a suitable. ##EQU1## This leads to less burn-in of the image to be displayed. Moreover, a satisfactory transmission characteristic is obtained at a higher value of .epsilon..sub..perp.. For TFTs it is then possible to use smaller auxiliary capacitances due to the higher values of (.epsilon..sub..perp.). The latter aspect may in turn be utilized to realise a larger aperture.

Abstract: Nematic liquid crystal display device, in which the isocontrast curve has obtained a more symmetrical shape by combining two and four sub-pixels with twist angles which are smaller than 90 degrees, at which the sub-pixels are obtained by providing different orientation directions (11) in an orienting layer (8) by means of linearly polarized light. If a cholesteric nematic liquid crystal material is used, a sub-pixel may have a twist angle of more than 90 degrees, while pairs of sub-pixels then have twist angles of opposite twist sense, at which the sum of the absolute values of the twist angles is smaller than 180 degrees.

Abstract: The display device comprises a first and a second substrate (52, 53) between which a number of pixels arranged in rows and columns are situated, and said first substrate (52) being provided with a group of electrodes (56, 56', 56") and said second substrate (53) being provided with a group of electrodes (57, 57', 57") for driving the pixels. The display device is characterized in that electrodes of the group of electrodes (56, 56', 56") extend as far as an edge (a) of the first substrate (52), and that the edge (a) of the first substrate (52) and a corresponding edge (a') of a second substrate (53) are positioned relative to each other such that the corresponding edge (a') projects a distance d.sub.1 beyond the edge (b) of the first substrate (52).

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for the square-wave modulated high-frequency voltage operation of a discharge lamp, including means to control the duty cycle of the square wave, has a measuring circuit for detecting the ignition of the discharge lamp during each cycle of the substantially square-wave modulation and a timer circuit coupled to the measuring circuit for rendering the amplitude of the high-frequency voltage substantially equal to zero when a time interval has elapsed after the ignition of the discharge lamp, whereby the luminous flux of the discharge lamp fluctuates to a low degree only.

Abstract: An additional switching element (18) is associated with a switching element (8) in a display device (1), which additional switching element is short-circuited by a picture electrode (5) or row electrode (7) when the switching elements function normally, so that there is no voltage drop across the second switching element (18) when a pixel (11) operates satisfactorily. Consequently, the redundant element does not have any capacitive influence on the operation of the pixel or the transmission/voltage characteristic of the pixel. If the switching element (8) is defective, the second switching element (18) can be switched on.