Abstract: In a touch panel display, a substrate (11) of the touch panel (10) or the touch panel itself is used as an optical guide for lighting a reflective display (20).

Abstract: A backlight luminaire (50) is provided with at least two tubular fluorescent lamps (44, 45), with portions of the lamps (44, 45) exhibiting a variation in spectral characteristic in the longitudinal direction. The portions of the lamps are so positioned relative to each other that the spectral characteristic of a portion of a first lamp (44) and the spectral characteristic of a portion of a second lamp (45), which portions are arranged one beside the other, vary in opposite directions. The luminaire is further provided with a plurality of sub-reflectors (42, 43), the majority of the sub-reflectors (43) being provided with said portion of the first lamp (44) and said portion of the second lamp (45). Preferably, the majority of the lamps (44, 45) is distributed over more than one sub-reflector (43). Preferably, the lamps (44, 45) are U-shaped and alternately connected in series.

Abstract: A backlight luminaire (50) comprising a plurality of fluorescent lamps (44, 45) and a plurality of sub-reflectors (42, 43) is characterized in that the majority of the sub-reflectors (43) are provided with a portion of more than one lamp. In addition, the majority of the lamps (44, 45) are distributed over more than one sub-reflector (43). The lamps (44, 45) are preferably U-shaped and alternately connected in series. The backlight luminaire (50) is employed in liquid-crystal display devices (51) to attain a uniform light distribution.

Abstract: Display device having such electrically conducting patterns in the supply electrodes (4, 5) that flashover easily occurs between the supply electrodes (for example, pointed projections (3, 15). Damage of switching elements (12, 23) due to electrostatic charge is thereby prevented.

Abstract: An additional switching element (18) is associated with a switching element (8) in a display device (1), which additional switching element is short-circuited by a picture electrode (5) or row electrode (7) when the switching elements function normally, so that there is no voltage drop across the second switching element (18) when a pixel (11) operates satisfactorily. Consequently, the redundant element does not have any capacitive influence on the operation of the pixel or the transmission/voltage characteristic of the pixel. If the switching element (8) is defective, the second switching element (18) can be switched on.