Abstract: Systems for batteries or galvanic cells are disclosed. The system comprises a mixing chamber. The system further comprises a first reservoir, in fluid communication with a mixing chamber, the first reservoir configured to store a concentrated electrolyte. Additionally the system comprises a pump configured to pump a fluid into the mixing chamber. The system further comprises an electrochemical energy cell in fluid communication with the mixing chamber wherein the mixing chamber is configured to receive the fluid and concentrated electrolyte and mix the fluid and the concentrated electrolyte to produce a diluted electrolyte. Finally the system comprises the electrochemical energy cell configured to receive the diluted electrolyte, use the received diluted electrolyte for an electrochemical reaction and remove the used electrolyte solution from the cell.

Abstract: Systems for batteries or galvanic cells are disclosed. The system comprises a mixing chamber. The system further comprises a first reservoir, in fluid communication with a mixing chamber, the first reservoir configured to store a concentrated electrolyte. Additionally the system comprises a pump configured to pump a fluid into the mixing chamber. The system further comprises an electrochemical energy cell in fluid communication with the mixing chamber wherein the mixing chamber is configured to receive the fluid and concentrated electrolyte and mix the fluid and the concentrated electrolyte to produce a diluted electrolyte. Finally the system comprises the electrochemical energy cell configured to receive the diluted electrolyte, use the received diluted electrolyte for an electrochemical reaction and remove the used electrolyte solution from the cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical energy cell has a galvanic cell including an anode electrode unit, a cathode electrode unit, an electrolyte body between the anode and cathode electrode units and contacting both the anode and cathode electrode units, and a separator layer including the electrolyte body and placed within the cell to contact both the anode and cathode electrode units to bring the anode and cathode electrode units in contact with the electrolyte body. The cathode electrode unit includes a cathode material including a powder mixture of a powder of hydrated ruthenium oxide and one or more additives. The anode electrode unit includes a structure formed of an oxidizable metal, and the separator layer includes a material that is porous to ions in liquid and is electrically non-conductive. A flexible electrochemical cell can be configured for a reduction-oxidation reaction to generate power at a surface of the electrode unit(s).