Abstract: A system for providing a multi-modal control plane for device energy consumption and charging is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of devices each having a charging mechanism in selective electrical communication with an energy provider which supplies a charge to each of the plurality of devices via the charging mechanism. One or more reinterpretation layers translate the information received from the plurality of devices. A control plane receives the information from the plurality of devices and transmits the information to an aggregation service to collect the plurality of information, interpret the plurality of information, and to control and plan output of energy from the energy provider.

Abstract: An air/fuel mixture is received in an oxidation reaction chamber. The air/fuel mixture has a low concentration of fuel, for example, below a lower explosive limit (LEL). The mixture is received while a temperature of a region in the oxidation reaction chamber is below a temperature sufficient to oxidize the fuel. The temperature of the region is raised to at least the oxidation temperature (the temperature sufficient to oxidize the fuel) primarily using heat energy released from oxidizing the air/fuel mixture in a different region in the reaction chamber.