Abstract: A battery thermal event management system includes an enclosure to store a plurality of battery modules, one or more ventilation panels, at least one actuator to open the one or more ventilation panels, and at least one sensor to detect one or more parameters. Further, the battery thermal event management system includes a detection system with a processor memory, and programming in the memory, coupled to the enclosure. The programming causes the battery thermal event management system to detect, via the at least one sensor, the one or more parameters. Next, the battery thermal event management system determines whether the detected one or more parameters indicate a ventilating event. Further, based on the detected one or more parameters indicating the ventilating event, the battery thermal event management system opens, via the at least one actuator, the one or more ventilation panels.

Abstract: An energy storage enclosure includes a battery pack, a plurality of battery modules disposed within the battery pack. Each of the plurality of battery modules includes a battery module enclosure, a plurality of battery submodules disposed the battery module enclosure, a plurality of mid-beams disposed within the battery module enclosure, and a plurality of thermal isolation layers disposed within the battery module enclosure. Each of the plurality of battery submodules includes a pair of opposing end plates, and a plurality of battery cells disposed between the pair of opposing end plates. Each of the plurality of mid-beams is disposed between adjacent battery submodules. At least one of the plurality of thermal isolation layers is disposed adjacent to one of the plurality of mid-beams, and at least another of the plurality of thermal isolation layers is disposed adjacent to an internal surface of the battery module enclosure.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for managing capacity of an energy storage system. In one implementation, a system includes at least one node configured to generate energy data; at least one processor; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: extract, using a data storage module, the energy data from the at least one node; ingest, using a data aggregation module, first data from the data storage module; estimate, using a capacity estimation module, a capacity of the at least one node by: importing second data from the data aggregation module; determining at least one input and at least one output configured to modulate a capacity determination; and determining the capacity of the at least one node based on the calculated at least one input and at least one output; and implement a corrective action for the energy storage system based on the estimated capacity.

Abstract: An energy storage system includes a plurality of energy storage nodes, each of which includes a battery storage element, and a plurality of helical piles for coupling the plurality of energy storage nodes to a solid substratum. Two adjacent energy storage nodes share a single helical pile or a fixed number of the plurality of helical piles is determined by site soil and seismic conditions. A method for attaching an energy storage system to a solid substratum is also provided.

Abstract: A battery energy storage system includes a plurality of battery cores. Each battery core of the battery energy storage system includes an array of battery cubes, and each battery core is configured to provide a first direct current power at a first voltage. The battery energy storage system further includes a plurality of direct-current-to-direct-current (DC-DC) converters. Each DC-DC converter of the battery energy storage system is configured to accept the first direct current power and each DC-DC converter is configured to provide a second direct current power at a second voltage. The battery energy storage system further includes a main modular multilevel converter (MMC). The MMC of the battery energy storage system is configured to accept the second direct current and to provide an alternating current at a third voltage.

Abstract: An example energy storage system includes an enclosure. The enclosure includes at least one door. The enclosure stores a plurality of battery racks. Each battery rack holds a respective plurality of battery modules. The enclosure further stores a plurality of plenums. The plurality of plenums includes a left plenum and a right plenum coupled together to form an enclosed channel around the plurality of battery racks to direct air to the plurality of battery racks. The enclosure further stores a plurality of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems mounted on the at least one door to supply air to the left plenum and the right plenum. Each HVAC system includes a respective supply vent and a respective return vent. The left plenum and the right plenum each include a plenum interface for coupling to the respective supply vent or the respective return vent.

Abstract: A method for estimating and controlling a battery energy storage system (BESS) life model. Receiving a BESS life model that estimates an expected remaining useful life of the BESS at multiple hierarchical levels. The BESS life model is generated by a process including constructing a cell-level degradation model based on laboratory test data representing degradation behavior of a plurality of battery cells; generating cell life predictions by executing a Monte Carlo simulation; aggregating the cell life predictions into pack life models by selecting a worst-performing cell; aggregating the pack life models into a node life model; and generating a system-level life estimate based on the node life model. Adjusting an operational parameter of the BESS based on the received BESS life model, wherein the operational parameter includes one or more of a charge rate, a discharge rate, a depth of discharge, a cooling system setpoint, and a module-level balancing.

Abstract: A power plant includes a plant controller in communication with and operatively connected to a plurality of BESSs. Each of the plurality of BESSs is composed of a plurality of BESS enclosures, a bus bar including a bus coupler, and a plurality of BESS circuit breakers. Each of the plurality of BESSs is connectable via a respective one of the plurality of BESS circuit breakers to the bus bar to supply electric power to an electric grid. The plant controller is arranged to control the bus coupler to separate the plurality of BESSs into a first network and a second network, control the first network to operate the power plant in a self-supply mode when the bus coupler is in an open state, and control the second network to operate the power plant in black-start mode when the bus coupler is in the open state.

Abstract: An energy storage system having a self-supply mode includes a plurality of battery energy storage system (BESS) modules, a plant controller, and an auxiliary system. The plant controller operates the energy storge system in a self-supply mode to supply electric power to the auxiliary system when the energy storage system is disconnected from an electric grid. The self-supply mode includes monitoring, for each of the rechargeable BESS enclosures, a state of charge parameter (SoC), sequentially activating one of the rechargeable BESS enclosures to supply electric power to the auxiliary system, and upon determining that the SoC of the one of the rechargeable BESS enclosures is less than a threshold, deactivating the one rechargeable BESS enclosure and activating another of the plurality of rechargeable BESS enclosures to supply electric power to the auxiliary system.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media are provided for synthetic inertia for energy systems. In one implementation, the computer-readable media may include instructions to cause a processor to: obtain a rate of change of a frequency of alternating current of an electrical grid; determine a mapping between the rate of change of the frequency and an amount of change of output power for energy storage unit(s) coupled to the electrical grid; calculate, based on the mapping and the rate of change of the frequency, an amount of change of the output power for the energy storage unit(s); determine, based on a reference output power and the calculated amount of change, an adjusted output power; and configure, based on the adjusted output power, the energy storage unit(s) to output electricity to the electrical grid.

Abstract: An energy storage enclosure includes a battery pack, a plurality of battery modules disposed within the battery pack, a plurality of battery submodules disposed within each of the plurality of battery modules, and a plurality of battery cells disposed within each of the plurality of battery submodules. Each battery cell includes structural interconnect board (ICB) assemblies disposed on opposing sides of the battery cell. Each of the structural ICB assemblies includes a carrier having a main portion that extends along one of the opposing sides of the battery cell, a first end portion that extends perpendicularly from a first end of the main portion along a top surface of the battery cell, and a second end portion that extends perpendicularly from a second end of the main portion along a bottom end of the battery cell.

Abstract: An energy storage enclosure includes a battery pack, a plurality of battery modules arranged within the battery pack, and a plurality of battery submodules arranged within each of the plurality of battery modules. Each of the plurality of submodules includes a tray, and a plurality of submodule cell stacks arranged within the tray. The tray includes a bottom portion adjacent to a bottom side of the plurality of submodule cell stacks and a wall portion extending upwardly from a perimeter of the bottom portion to a flange portion extending outwardly from the wall portion. A first cell expansion support is fixedly attached to an inside surface of the bottom portion of the tray. A second cell expansion support is fixedly attached to an inside surface of the bottom portion of the tray.

Abstract: An energy storage system includes a battery pack, and a plurality of battery modules arranged within the battery pack. Each of the plurality of battery modules includes a battery module enclosure, a plurality of battery cells arranged within the battery module enclosure, and a plurality of cold plates arranged within each of the plurality of battery modules. The plurality of battery cells is arranged in a plurality of layers, and at least one of the plurality of cold plates is arranged adjacent to one of a bottom side of one of the plurality of layers, and at least another of the plurality of cold plates is arranged adjacent to a top side of the one of the plurality of layers.

Abstract: An energy storage enclosure including a battery pack, a plurality of battery modules arranged within the battery pack, a plurality of battery submodules arranged within each of the battery modules, and a plurality of battery cells arranged within each of the plurality of battery submodules. Each of the battery submodules includes a structural subcomponent having a first structural plate, a second structural plate, a first structural end plate fixedly attached to the first structural plate and the second structural plate, and a second structural end plate fixedly attached to the first structural plate and the second structural plate.

Abstract: An exemplary power system includes a DC power bus and a photovoltaic system connected to the DC power bus. An energy storage system is connected to the DC power bus and stores energy injected to the DC power bus by the photovoltaic system. A power inverter is connected to the DC power bus and converts power between the DC power bus and an AC connected load. The power system also includes a control system that receives power system data from one or more sub-systems and devices connected to the DC power bus, and controls, in real-time, one or more of the power inverter and the energy storage system to act as a load on the DC power bus based on the received power system data.

Abstract: A battery energy storage system includes a plurality of battery cores. Each battery core of the battery energy storage system includes an array of battery cubes, and each battery core is configured to provide a first direct current power at a first voltage. The battery energy storage system further includes a plurality of direct-current-to-direct-current (DC-DC) converters. Each DC-DC converter of the battery energy storage system is configured to accept the first direct current power and each DC-DC converter is configured to provide a second direct current power at a second voltage. The battery energy storage system further includes a main modular multilevel converter (MMC). The MMC of the battery energy storage system is configured to accept the second direct current and to provide an alternating current at a third voltage.

Abstract: A power oscillation damping controller includes a control block including one or more circuits configured to receive a meter input and transmit a controller output. The meter input includes an active power sub-controller measured value including an evident oscillation component of a power oscillation, a reactive power sub-controller measured value including an alternative oscillation component of the power oscillation, or a combination thereof. The controller output includes an active power component adjustment based on the active power sub-controller measured value that configures or results in an evident dampening of the power oscillation, a reactive power component adjustment based on the reactive power sub-controller measured value that configures or results in an alternative dampening of the power oscillation, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media are provided for synthetic inertia for energy systems. In one implementation, the computer-readable media may include instructions to cause a processor to: obtain a rate of change of a frequency of alternating current of an electrical grid; determine a mapping between the rate of change of the frequency and an amount of change of output power for energy storage unit(s) coupled to the electrical grid; calculate, based on the mapping and the rate of change of the frequency, an amount of change of the output power for the energy storage unit(s); determine, based on a reference output power and the calculated amount of change, an adjusted output power; and configure, based on the adjusted output power, the energy storage unit(s) to output electricity to the electrical grid.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media are provided for using load collectives in energy storage systems. In one implementation, the computer-readable media includes instructions to cause a processor to: receive operational data associated with an energy storage unit for a time period; determine one or more cycles of charging and discharging of the energy storage unit during the time period; generate, based on the operational data, a plurality of load collectives; determine one or more operational parameters of the energy storage unit for the time period; provide, to a machine learning model, the one or more operational parameters and one or more load collectives of the plurality of load collectives; generate, based on the machine learning model, a predicted capacity of the energy storage unit at an end of the time period; and configure, based on the predicted capacity, one or more energy storage units.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media are provided for optimizing energy dispatch. In one implementation, the computer-readable media includes instructions to cause a processor to: generate a plurality of energy dispatch patterns for utilizing one or more energy storage units; generate, based on data determined for each energy dispatch pattern of the plurality of energy dispatch patterns, a recommended energy dispatch pattern; and adjust the one or more energy storage units to dispatch electricity according to the recommended energy dispatch pattern.