Abstract: A web substrate atomic layer deposition system includes at least one roller that transports a surface of a web substrate through a plurality of processing chambers. The plurality of processing chambers includes a first precursor reaction chamber that exposes the surface of the web substrate to a desired partial pressure of first precursor gas, thereby forming a first layer on the surface of the web substrate. A purging chamber purges the surface of the web substrate with a purge gas. A vacuum chamber removes gas from the surface of the substrate. A second precursor reaction chamber exposes the surface of the web substrate to a desired partial pressure of the second precursor gas, thereby forming a second layer on the surface of the web substrate.

Abstract: A reactive sputtering system includes a vacuum chamber and a reactive ion source that is positioned inside the vacuum chamber. The reactive ion source generates a reactive ion beam from a reactant gas. A sputtering chamber is positioned in the vacuum chamber. The sputtering chamber includes a sputter source having a sputtering target that generates sputtering flux, walls that contain an inert gas, and a seal that impedes the reactant gas from entering into the sputtering chamber and that impedes inert gas and sputtered material from escaping into the vacuum chamber. A transport mechanism transports a substrate under the reactive ion source and through the sputtering chamber. The substrate is exposed to the reactive ion beam while passing under the reactive ion source and then is exposed to sputtering flux while passing through the sputtering chamber.

Abstract: An atomic layer deposition system is described that includes a deposition chamber. A first and second reaction chamber are positioned in the deposition chamber and contain a first and a second reactant species, respectively. A monolayer of the first reactant species is deposited on a substrate passing through the first reaction chamber. A monolayer of the second reactant species is deposited on a substrate passing through the second reaction chamber. A transport mechanism transports a substrate in a path through the first reaction chamber and through the second reaction chamber, thereby depositing a film on the substrate by atomic layer deposition. The shape of the first and the second reaction chambers are chosen to achieve a constant exposure of the substrate to reactant species when the transport mechanism transports the substrate in the path through the respective reaction chambers at the constant transport rate.