Abstract: A method for determining proximity comprises sending a wireless signal from a first mobile tag (120a) of a plurality of mobile tags (120), the wireless signal communicating identification information associated with the first mobile tag (120a). The wireless signal is received at a second mobile tag (120b) of the plurality of mobile tags (120), and proximity data comprising the identification information is stored in a memory (127b) of the second mobile tag (120b). The proximity data is sent from the second mobile tag (120b) to a mobile communication device (110) using a first wireless protocol, is received at a mobile communication device (110), and is stored in a memory (117) of the mobile communication device (110). The proximity data is sent from the mobile communication device (110) to a server (130) using a second wireless protocol, and the proximity data is stored in a memory (137) of the server (130).

Abstract: An approach for the reliable detection of smartphones within vehicles. The cloud instructs two smartphones, which both detect an in-vehicle detection system, to report signals that reflect major sensor events, together with the timing using their respective clocks. By sending local clock timing and time-sensitive beacon content information to the cloud, the offset between the two smartphone clocks may be determined, thereby enhancing the reliability of the in-vehicle detection of the smartphones.

Abstract: A method for finding door location in an automated way based on observations of people that are equipped with a device whose position is determined acoustically. By observing positioning transitions across internal structures such as walls, the location of doors can be automatically identified.

Abstract: A positioning system comprising a processing system (7; 9) configured to receive a first position estimate for a mobile device (7), and to receive data representative of an acoustic signal received by the mobile device (7) from one of a plurality of acoustic transmitter units (2, 3, 4, 5). For each of the acoustic transmitter units (2, 3, 4, 5), the processing system (7; 9) determines spatial likelihood data representative of a likelihood of the received acoustic signal having been transmitted by the respective acoustic transmitter unit by comparing a time-of-flight range value with a geometric distance value, representative of a distance between the acoustic transmitter unit and the first position estimate.

Abstract: In a positioning system, a plurality of transmitter units (2, 3, 4, 5) transmit respective locating signals which are received at a mobile receiver unit (7). A processing system (7; 9) identifies the transmitter unit that transmitted each locating signal, and determines, for each transmitter unit, range data representative of a respective distance between the transmitter unit and the mobile receiver unit. The processing system determines a position estimate for the mobile receiver unit (7) by solving an optimisation problem that depends on i) the range data determined for the plurality of transmitter units, ii) data representative of the positions of the plurality of transmitter units in an environment (1), and iii) data representative of a position of a surface (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e; 601, 602) in the environment, by optimising for an objective function comprising a cost term that depends on a distance between the surface and the position estimate.

Abstract: A transmitter is disclosed. The transmitter includes a clock configured to generate one or more output clock signals. The transmitter further includes at least one frequency divider configured to generate a plurality of divided frequencies based on the one or more output clock signals, and a modulator. The transmitter also includes at least one antenna or transducer configured to transmit modulated data. The transmitter includes a memory configured to store instructions, and at least one processor configured to execute instructions performing operations including mapping data to a decimal code value of a plurality of decimal code values, converting the decimal code value to a shrinking base system, and selecting a set of frequencies among the plurality of divided frequencies based on the code value corresponding to the shrinking base system for the decimal code value. The modulator may be configured to modulate the decimal code value using the set of frequencies.

Abstract: An apparatus (7) for down-converting a sampled signal comprises a processing system (206) configured to apply a mixing-and-combining operation repeatedly to successive sub-sequences of N input samples, X, representative of a signal and having an initial sampling rate, M, to generate a sequence of output samples, Y, having an output rate, T, lower than the initial sampling rate M. The sub-sequences of the N input samples, X, are spaced at intervals that correspond to the output rate M. The mixing-and-combining operation generates a respective output sample Y from each sub-sequence, where Y depends on a set of products of the input samples X of the sub-sequence with respective values derived from a periodic mixing signal having a mixing frequency.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus (7) that can estimate a motion-induced frequency shift in a received signal comprises a processing system (205) and a receiver (204) configured to receive a signal comprising one or more instances of a transmitted signal. The processing system (205) is configured to generate data representative of a plurality of impulse response functions by deconvolving the received signal with each of a plurality of templates representative of the transmitted signal shifted in frequency by a different respective frequency shift. The processing system (205) is further configured to evaluate a signal-to-noise measure for each of the plurality of impulse response functions, and to identify an impulse response function of the plurality of impulse response functions for which the signal-to-noise measure satisfies a peak criterion.

Abstract: In a positioning system, a plurality of transmitter units (2, 3, 4, 5) transmit respective transmitter-specific identification signals at intervals, which are received at a mobile receiver unit (7). A processing system (7; 9) identifies the transmitter unit that transmitted each received identification signal, and, for each signal, determines range data from time of arrival data and determines distance data from Doppler shift information. The range data and distance data are compared to determine range error data. A position estimate for the mobile receiver unit (7) is determined by solving an optimisation problem using range estimates determined for the plurality of transmitter units, weighted in dependence on the range error data.

Abstract: A communication device including a clock, a memory, and at least one processor is disclosed. The at least one processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory that cause the at least one processor to perform operations including receiving at least one message from a second communication device of a plurality of communication devices over a preconfigured time duration, determining a first local time of the clock of the communication device at which the at least one message from the second communication device is received, and determining a sync-time of the second communication device based on the at least one message from the second communication device. The operations include mapping the sync-time of the second communication device based on the first local time and the determined sync-time of the second communication device and adjusting a sync-time of the communication device based on the second local time.

Abstract: A method for finding door location in an automated way based on observations of people that are equipped with a device whose position is determined acoustically. By observing positioning transitions across internal structures such as walls, the location of doors can be automatically identified.

Abstract: An approach for the reliable detection of smartphones within vehicles. The cloud instructs two smartphones, which both detect an in-vehicle detection system, to report signals that reflect major sensor events, together with the timing using their respective clocks. By sending local clock timing and time-sensitive beacon content information to the cloud, the offset between the two smartphone clocks may be determined, thereby enhancing the reliability of the in-vehicle detection of the smartphones.

Abstract: A method for finding door location in an automated way based on observations of people that are equipped with a device whose position is determined acoustically. By observing positioning transitions across internal structures such as walls, the location of doors can be automatically identified.

Abstract: A communication device including a clock, a memory, and at least one processor is disclosed. The at least one processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory that cause the at least one processor to perform operations including receiving at least one message from a second communication device of a plurality of communication devices over a preconfigured time duration, determining a first local time of the clock of the communication device at which the at least one message from the second communication device is received, and determining a sync-time of the second communication device based on the at least one message from the second communication device. The operations include mapping the sync-time of the second communication device based on the first local time and the determined sync-time of the second communication device and adjusting a sync-time of the communication device based on the second local time.

Abstract: A method for finding door location in an automated way based on observations of people that are equipped with a device whose position is determined acoustically. By observing positioning transitions across internal structures such as walls, the location of doors can be automatically identified.

Abstract: An approach to allow cloud-based positioning systems to use their own identity provider. An extra field is included in a token that is used to look up the identity provider for token verification for each user. Each access claim of the access token is checked for invalidity. If no invalid claims are found, accepting the authorization request. If an invalid claim is found, rejecting the authorization request.

Abstract: A transmitter is disclosed. The transmitter includes a clock configured to generate one or more output clock signals. The transmitter further includes at least one frequency divider configured to generate a plurality of divided frequencies based on the one or more output clock signals, and a modulator. The transmitter also includes at least one antenna or transducer configured to transmit modulated data. The transmitter includes a memory configured to store instructions, and at least one processor configured to execute instructions performing operations including mapping data to a decimal code value of a plurality of decimal code values, converting the decimal code value to a shrinking base system, and selecting a set of frequencies among the plurality of divided frequencies based on the code value corresponding to the shrinking base system for the decimal code value. The modulator may be configured to modulate the decimal code value using the set of frequencies.

Abstract: An approach for the reliable detection of smartphones within vehicles. The cloud instructs two smartphones, which both detect an in-vehicle detection system, to report signals that reflect major sensor events, together with the timing using their respective clocks. By sending local clock timing and time-sensitive beacon content information to the cloud, the offset between the two smartphone clocks may be determined, thereby enhancing the reliability of the in-vehicle detection of the smartphones.

Abstract: An approach for product localization is described that includes detecting one or more movement activities of a user in an indoor environment, and determining a respective position for each of the one or more movement activities using a sensor associated with the user. The approach further includes identifying one or more stoppage locations from the detected one or more movement activities, and receiving a list of one or more purchased items purchased by the user in the indoor environment. Finally, the approach further includes correlating at least one of the more purchased items with at least one of the one or more stoppage locations, and predicting the location of the one or more purchased items based on the correlating.