Abstract: An apparatus and a method are disclosed for numerically controlled grinding of cams of a camshaft. The cams have a convex circular base section and a convex circular tip section with concave transitional sections interconnecting same. The concave transitional sections have a minimum radius of curvature. The cam is first ground with a first grinding wheel of a radius much bigger than the minimum radius of curvature, however, the cam material is not entirely removed during this first grinding step at the location of the concave sections, thus leaving there a zone of unground cam material. In a second grinding step, the cam is ground with a second grinding wheel of a radius being smaller than the minimum radius of curvature.

Abstract: A method serves for circumferential grinding of radially non-circular workpieces, in particular for grinding cams (15) or polygons. The workpiece is rotated about a first second axis (13) extending at an angle, preferably of 90.degree., relative to the first axis (18). Starting out from a raw contour, the material at the surface of the workpiece (15) is removed along spiral-shaped paths of a point of action (20), by a plurality of steps corresponding each to one rotation of the workpiece, until intermediate contours and finally a finished contour are obtained, this being achieved by rotating and/or advancing the workpiece and the grinding wheel (11) in a controlled way, in response to data records. Every time an intermediate contour is reached, a new data record is called up for the next rotation of the workpiece. One measures continuously a predetermined absolute dimension (R.sub.Gist) of the workpiece and derives therefrom the existing deviation (.increment.R.sub.G) from a given setpoint value (R.sub.

Abstract: A high-speed drilling or milling spindle (10) comprises a stator (11) that can be attached to a machine tool (12), a rotor (13), and a rotary drive (40, 41) acting between stator (11) and rotor (13). The rotor (13) has a receptacle (15) for a rotating, metal-cutting tool (16). The rotor (13) is supported with respect to the stator (11) by means of at least a first and a second rolling bearing (22, 32) spaced axially away therefrom. The rotor (13) is supported on thrust and radial bearings. The rolling bearings (22, 32) have a very small thrust angle (24, 34). They essentially act as radial bearings. A third bearing is provided as the thrust bearing in the form of a magnetic bearing (50). The magnetic bearing (50) is adjustable in terms of its axial bearing force as a function of the axial forces (F.sub.a) acting on the tool (16).

Abstract: A method serves for cylindrical surface grinding of workpieces. A grinding wheel engages a workpiece which rotates in the opposite direction and is fed at a given feeding speed parallel to the axis of the workpiece. The grinding wheel rotates about an axis which is inclined at an angle relative to the axis of the workpiece.In order to achieve workpiece surfaces of low roughness at high machining speeds, in particular surfaces without spiral-shaped surface grooves, one first determines from the given surface roughness, by empirical means, a contact ratio serving as an auxiliary value whereafter the axial length of the first surface is determined and adjusted using a formula. The method is used within a range of values where workpiece diameters of 5 to 250 mm are encountered, the grinding wheel rotates at a speed of 100 to 300 m/s, the workpiece rotates at a circumferential speed of 65 to 200 m/s and the speed of the axial feed is between 150 to 2000 mm/min.

Abstract: A grinding machine comprises a grinding spindle which can be displaced in a horizontal plane relative to a workpiece. The grinding spindle drives a grinding wheel, which is mounted for rotary movement about a horizontal axis, and is arranged on a swivel carriage arranged for rotary movement about a vertical axis relative to a base plate. A measuring device is provided for detecting the rotary position of the swivel carriage relative to the base plate comprise a first sensor element which is rigidly connected to the base plate and a second sensor element that can be rotated together with the swivel carriage. In order to simplify the measuring device and to make it easily accessible the sensor elements are arranged outside the said swivel carriage and the second sensor element is connected to the swivel carriage via a power transmission.

Abstract: A grinding wheel comprises a disk-shaped body (12) which is equipped with a peripheral processing surface consisting of a grinding material. There is further provided an at least two-part flange (20, 21) retaining the body (12) on both sides thereof and provided with a mounting opening (22) for a holding arbor of a grinding machine. In order to achieve a centering effect between the body and the flange, with the simplest possible constructional means, a first flange part (20) is provided with a circumferential surface (34) whose cross-section, taken along a radial plane, exhibits the shape of an n-cornered polygon. The body (12) is in contact with the circumferential surface (34) via bolts (32) projecting radially inwardly. The number of bolts (32) corresponds to the number of the corners of the polygon. The bolts (32) can be rotated relative to the circumferential surface (34) in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A process is applied for grinding cams of a camshaft (12) by means of a numerically controlled camshaft grinding machine (10). The camshaft (12) is arranged in a workpiece mounting (11) rotatably at preset angular velocity (.omega.) in predetermined angle steps about its longitudinal axis. A grinding wheel slide (17) with a grinding wheel (18) is infeedable in an axis (20) vertical to the longitudinal axis in preset steps. A grinding wheel (18) is selected as to its condition for machining as a function of the geometry, the material and the required surface condition of the camshaft (12) and cams (30), and the infeed of the grinding wheel (18) is set.

Abstract: A dressing roll comprises a revolving circumferential surface, in particular two conical circumferential surfaces (12, 13) intersecting each other along an outer circumferential line (14). The circumferential surface is garnished with diamonds. In order to ensure that the diamond needles attack a grinding wheel to be dressed over a two-dimensional surface and to avoid the production of spiral-shaped dressing grooves in the grinding wheel surface, the diamonds take the form of diamond needles (15, 16) which project obliquely from the circumferential surface (12, 13) and whose free ends (17, 18) overlap each other in the circumferential direction (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A method serves for grinding two or more cams of a camshaft. Initially the camshaft is chucked in a mounting position between a driver of a work headstock seated to rotate about a first axis (C axis), and a footstock. Then the camshaft is rotated in a defined rotary angle/time relationship. A rotating grinding wheel is advanced in the direction of a second axis (X axis) extending perpendicularly to the said first axis (C axis), the movement of the rotating grinding wheel being directed towards a first cam to be ground. The rotary angle and length of travel (x) of the grinding wheel are adjusted in response to the polar coordinates of a nominal contour of the cam, supplied by a numerical control, while the grinding wheel is in engagement with the cam. Any deviation from a nominal process value is measured. The pre-determined length of travel is corrected by a correcting value (.DELTA.x) corresponding to the weighted deviation.

Abstract: A blower serves for circulating larger gas volumes, in particular for high-power laser systems operating according to the gas-transportation principle. The blower comprises a radial compressor, having a compressor element extending into a connection duct to blow a gas from a first to a second gas duct. The radial compressor is driven by a vertical shaft which is provided with an axial and radial gas bearing within a gas-tight housing. A gas duct system is provided for supplying lubricating gas to both the axial and the radial gas bearings. The gas duct system is fed by both one of the axial gas bearings and by an external pressure-gas pump. Throttles and adjustable valves are provided at predetermined locations of the gas duct system to establish a predetermined profile of gas pressure in the duct system.

Abstract: A blower is used for circulating larger gas volumes, in particular for high power laser systems which operate according to the gas-transportation principle. The blower comprises a radial feeder being arranged in a connection between two gas ducts. The radial feeder is driven by a vertical shaft, rotating at high rotary speed. In order to permit extremely large gas volumes, typically in the range of several ten thousand cubic meters per hour, to be circulated, the shaft is seated in a pressure-tight housing. Two axially acting seals are arranged on the shaft at a certain distance from the radial feeder. The seals define a pump chamber connected with one of the gas ducts, a lock chamber and a drive chamber. The seal between the lock chamber and the drive chamber comprise an axial upper sliding ring resting elastically on a lower thrust ring.

Abstract: A method serves for working, by metal-cutting processes, a surface of profiles having a non-circular contour, in particular for grinding camshafts. Starting out from a blank contour (30-1-32), material is removed from the surface to give the profile a desire contour (30a, 31a, 32a) by moving the processing tool and the profile relative to each other in such a manner that the portion of the processing tool which is at any time in engagement with the surface is moved along the contour in a path-controlled manner, while on the other hand the tool is advanced in feed-controlled manner by the surface distance between the blank contour (30,31,32) and the desired contour (30a,31a,32a).

Abstract: A spindle of a machine tool is mounted for rotation about a longitudinal axis. The spindle comprises clamping means for clamping and releasing a tool. An energy accumulator is charged when the tool is not clamped and is at least partly discharged to tighten the clamping means when the tool is clamped. An actuating unit serves to charge the energy accumulator by means of an external force supplied via a connection. To enable employment of the spindle at very high speeds, the actuating unit and the connection are arranged in the rotating part of the spindle. The spindle rotates at at least 30,000 revolutions per minute and the connection is a releasable plug or screw connection.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the abrasion depth of an outer surface of a substantially stationary body such as a tool which rests in working position against a rotating body such as a shaft to be ground. A measurement pin is inserted in a first direction into a measurement sleeve arranged in the stationary body, displaceably in the sleeve by action of one end of the pin against the shaft. During the grinding operation as a result of the abrasion on the surface of the stationary body the measurement pin is gradually inserted further into the sleeve and upon exceeding a distance of insertion corresponding to a predetermined abrasion on the surface of the stationary body which requires replacement of the stationary body the other end of the measurement pin contracts against an electric contact disposed inside the sleeve so as to provide an alarm via an electric circuit of an indicating device. In a path detection system a desired reference length of an end length of the measurement pin is stored.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for the continuous, automatic feed of at least one jaw of a steady for supporting a workpiece, for example a shaft or crank shaft with its axis in the desired position on grinding the workpiece outer face and is more specially with respect to a process in which a workpiece freely supported between two support units, as for example two centers, is acted upon by its own sagging force, the radial force of the tool, for example a grinding wheel, and other forces produced on machining the workpiece, which may be radial or tangential with respect to the axis. The disclosure is furthermore with respect to an apparatus for undertaking the process.

Abstract: A band knife splitting machine with two superposed feed rolls and an endless moving band knife. The two feed rolls are respectively journalled at the ends of two intersecting pivoting levers and the end of the lever for the lower feed roll is pivoted above the plane of cutting while the end of the lever for the upper feed roll is pivoted below the cutting plane.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing shoes characterized by shoe lasts arranged on a conveyor with a paired alternating arrangement with the shoe toes alternately pointing in opposite directions, and by a template adapted to be moved parallel to the conveyor backwards and forwards and on the edge of which there engage mutually touching spring loaded end parts of two independently arranged control linkages, the control linkages being connected with shoe bottom part processing tools arranged at their other ends. The speed of travel of the template in the two directions is held substantially equal to the speed of advance of the conveyor.