Abstract: A method of combusting carbonaceous fuel in a combustion system. The combustion system includes a source of oxygen and a furnace.

Abstract: A method of increasing the power of a carbonaceous fuel combusting boiler system includes the steps of (a) feeding carbonaceous fuel into a furnace of the boiler system, (b) feeding oxidant gas into the furnace for combusting fuel to produce exhaust gas, (c) discharging the exhaust gas from the furnace via an exhaust gas channel, (d) conveying a stream of feedwater from a boiler economizer arranged in the exhaust gas channel to evaporating and superheating heat exchange surfaces arranged in the furnace and in the exhaust gas channel for converting the feedwater to superheated steam, (e) expanding the superheated steam in a high-pressure steam turbine for generating power, (f) extracting steam from the high-pressure steam turbine at a decreased rate for preheating the feedwater, (g) conveying steam from the high-pressure steam turbine at an increased rate to a reheater arranged in the exhaust gas channel for generating reheated steam, (h) expanding the reheated steam in an intermediate pressure steam turbine f

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for capturing CO2 from flue gas emanating from a carbonaceous fuel combusting power plant, which includes a source of oxygen and a combustion chamber for combusting the fuel with oxygen and thereby producing flue gas that includes CO2, water and excess oxygen as its main components. At least a portion of the flue gas is compressed to a pressure higher than about sixty bar, the compressed flue gas is cooled in a primary CO2 separating unit for capturing a first portion of the CO2 by condensing it to produce a liquid CO2 stream and a high pressure vent gas stream that includes oxygen and excess CO2, the liquid CO2 stream is discharged from the power plant, and the high pressure vent gas stream is conducted to a secondary CO2 separating unit for capturing a second portion of the CO2 by adsorbing it to an adsorbing material.

Abstract: A method of combusting sulfur-containing fuel in a circulating fluidized bed boiler includes the steps of (a) feeding sulfur-containing fuel into a furnace of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, (b) combusting the fuel with oxidant gas consisting essentially of pure oxygen and circulated exhaust gas, so as to form exhaust gas having carbon dioxide and water as its main components, and (c) feeding calcium carbonate containing material into the furnace so as to capture sulfur dioxide into calcium sulfate in the furnace. The temperature in the furnace is maintained above 870° C.

Abstract: Carbonaceous fuel is combusted with an oxidant gas in a furnace of a boiler system to generate power. Oxidant gas is fed into the furnace for combusting the fuel to produce exhaust gas, the exhaust gas is discharged from the furnace via an exhaust gas channel, a stream of feedwater is conveyed from a final economizer arranged in the exhaust gas channel to evaporating and superheating heat exchange surfaces arranged in the furnace and in the exhaust gas channel for converting the feedwater to superheated steam, the superheated steam is converted in a high-pressure steam turbine for generating power, a first portion of steam is extracted from the high-pressure steam turbine for preheating the feedwater, a second portion of steam is conveyed from the high-pressure steam turbine to reheating heat exchange surfaces arranged in the exhaust gas channel for generating reheated steam, and the reheated steam is expanded in an intermediate pressure steam turbine for generating power.

Abstract: A method of controlling a process of generating power in a power plant with a boiler by combusting carbonaceous fuel with substantially pure oxygen. At full load conditions, the method includes introducing a first carbonaceous fuel feed stream into a furnace, introducing a first substantially pure oxygen feed stream into the furnace for combusting the first carbonaceous fuel feed stream with the oxygen, and recirculating a portion of the exhaust gas discharged from the furnace at a first recirculation flow rate to the furnace, to form, together with the first substantially pure oxygen feed stream, a first inlet gas stream having a predetermined average oxygen content, thereby discharging exhaust gas from the furnace at a first discharge flow rate.

Abstract: A method of and a plant for combusting carbonaceous fuel, the method including the steps of introducing particulate oxygen selective sorbent, such as a perovskite type material, into an adsorption reactor of the combustion plant to form a first particle bed in the adsorption reactor, fluidizing the first particle bed by an oxygen-containing first fluidizing gas to adsorb oxygen from the fluidizing gas to the sorbent, conveying oxygen-rich sorbent from the adsorption reactor to a combustion reactor of the combustion plant to form a second particle bed in the combustion reactor, fluidizing the second particle bed by an oxygen-deficient second fluidizing gas to desorb oxygen from the sorbent, so as to produce free oxygen gas, and introducing carbonaceous fuel into the combustion reactor to oxidize the fuel with the free oxygen gas.

Abstract: A method of and a power plant for generating power by combusting carbonaceous fuel with substantially pure oxygen, and a method of modifying a process of generating power by combusting carbonaceous fuel from combusting the fuel with air to combusting the fuel with substantially pure oxygen.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for capturing CO2 from flue gas emanating from a carbonaceous fuel combusting power plant, which includes a source of oxygen and a combustion chamber for combusting the fuel with oxygen and thereby producing flue gas that includes CO2, water and excess oxygen as its main components. At least a portion of the flue gas is compressed to a pressure higher than about sixty bar, the compressed flue gas is cooled in a primary CO2 separating unit for capturing a first portion of the CO2 by condensing it to produce a liquid CO2 stream and a high pressure vent gas stream that includes oxygen and excess CO2, the liquid CO2 stream is discharged from the power plant, and the high pressure vent gas stream is conducted to a secondary CO2 separating unit for capturing a second portion of the CO2 by adsorbing it to an adsorbing material.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for operating a circulating fluidized bed reactor having a furnace with a discharge port for exhaust gas, and a particle separator having an inlet connected to the exhaust gas discharge port and an outlet duct for the exhaust gas and a return duct for separated solids. The method includes the steps of arranging a bypass duct bypassing the particle separator, and conducting a partial flow of exhaust gas along the duct for increasing the fly ash content in the exhaust gas after the separator. The bypass duct is advantageously provided with means for controlling the flow of exhaust gas in the bypass duct.

Abstract: An arrangement for directing exhaust gases from at least one particle separator of a circulating fluidized bed reactor system to a heat recovery section includes a gas plenum located above a reaction chamber, the gas plenum being defined by a ceiling, a bottom, and walls and being integrated with the reaction chamber. The walls of the gas plenum are provided with at least one inlet opening for cleaned exhaust gases, each of which is coupled with a discharge duct connected to one of the particle separators, for directing the cleaned exhaust gases from the particle separators to the gas plenum, from where the cleaned exhaust gases are directed to the heat recovery section downstream of the gas plenum. The reaction chamber is at least partially formed by water tube panels, and the enclosure of the gas plenum is also formed by water tube panels as extensions of water tube panels of the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A catalyst, a method of and an arrangement for using a catalyst for controlling NO and/or CO emissions from a combustion system that combusts carbonaceous fuels, including introducing carbonaceous fuel and combustion air into a furnace of the combustion system for combusting the carbonaceous fuel in oxidizing conditions and producing flue gas that includes NO and/or CO, wherein the ratio of molar concentrations of CO and NOx is preferably at least 0.7, and leading flue gas from the furnace to contact with a catalyst in a flue gas channel, wherein the catalyst has a metal oxide loading comprising oxides of iron and one or more of a group consisting of copper, cerium and potassium, deposited on a porous support material, wherein the metal oxide loading is preferably 1-20% of the weight of the support material and ratio of the weight of oxides the group consisting of copper, cerium and potassium to the weight of iron oxides is preferably from 0.

Abstract: A catalyst, a method of and an arrangement for using a catalyst for controlling NO and/or CO emissions from a combustion system that combusts carbonaceous fuels, including introducing carbonaceous fuel and combustion air into a furnace of the combustion system for combusting the carbonaceous fuel in oxidizing conditions and producing flue gas that includes NO and/or CO, wherein the ratio of molar concentrations of CO and NOx is preferably at least 0.7, and leading flue gas from the furnace to contact with a catalyst in a flue gas channel, wherein the catalyst has a metal oxide loading comprising oxides of iron and and one or more of a group consisting of copper, cerium and potassium, deposited on a porous support material, wherein the metal oxide loading is preferably 1-20% of the weight of the support material and ratio of the weight of oxides the group consisting of copper, cerium and potassium to the weight of iron oxides is preferably from 0.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for operating a pulverized coal-fired boiler system, which includes at least one coal pulverizer in flow connection with at least two burners disposed on a boiler enclosure by a coal feed system having a coal pipe junction with a riffle enclosure including a plurality of parallel partition walls forming multiple flow channels from an upstream coal pipe to each of at least two downstream coal pipes and a plurality of individually pivotable vanes upstream of the plurality of partition walls, and controlling the distribution of coal between the downstream pipes by pivoting at least one of the vanes. Preferably a coal flow rate is monitored in the downstream coal pipes and at least one of the vanes is pivoted in response to a measured distribution of the coal flow rate.

Abstract: A classifier for separating coarse particles from a stream of gas and particles discharged from a vertical mill.

Abstract: A method of co-producing activated carbon in a circulating, fluidized bed gasification process includes gasifying carbonaceous fuel in a fluidized bed to form syngas and char, activating the char to form particles of activated carbon, discharging syngas and particulate solids entrained with the syngas from the reactor, separating entrained solids from the syngas with a particle separator and returning at least a portion of the separated solids to the reaction chamber, but allowing a solids product, including activated carbon and having an average size smaller than a predetermined size, to exit the particle separator with the syngas. The solids product is separated from the syngas in a dust separator to form cleaned syngas, and both the cleaned syngas and the solids product are discharged from the gasifier.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for operating a circulating fluidized bed reactor having a furnace with a discharge port for exhaust gas, and a particle separator having an inlet connected to the exhaust gas discharge port and an outlet duct for the exhaust gas and a return duct for separated solids. The method includes the steps of arranging a bypass duct bypassing the particle separator, and conducting a partial flow of exhaust gas along the duct for increasing the fly ash content in the exhaust gas after the separator. The bypass duct is advantageously provided with means for controlling the flow of exhaust gas in the bypass duct.

Abstract: A system and a method for controlling NOX emissions from a boiler that combusts carbonaceous fuels. The method includes the steps of (a) introducing carbonaceous fuel and combustion air into a furnace of the boiler for combusting the carbonaceous fuel in oxidizing conditions and producing flue gas including NOX and CO, and (b) leading flue gas from the furnace to a catalyst section in a flue gas channel for converting, free from introducing an external agent for NOX reduction, NOX to N2 and CO to CO2 by using CO as the reductant of NOX on a catalyst in the catalyst section.

Abstract: A classifier for separating coarse particles from a stream of gas and particles discharged from a vertical mill includes a generally cylindrical outer casing, an inner casing, a ring, and a wheel. The outer casing has a vertical axis and a vertically oriented sidewall disposed on the mill. The inner casing is arranged within the outer casing, providing an annular passageway between the inner casing and the sidewall through which the stream of gas and particles flows upwardly. The ring is supported about the axis and includes a plurality of circumferentially-spaced static vanes forming angled ports for imparting rotational motion to the stream of gas and particles flowing through the ports for centrifugally separating a portion of coarse particles, thereby producing a remaining stream of gas and particles.

Abstract: A method of removing mercury from flue gas containing mercury and particulate solids emanating from a fossil-fuel energy conversion plant and passing through a flue gas duct. The method includes (a) contacting the mercury in the flue gas with a solution containing at least one chloride-containing salt dissolved in a solvent by injecting the solution into the flue gas duct at an injection location, in order to oxidize mercury into HgCl2, (b) heating the solution prior to or after step (a) to at least about 300° C., and (c) removing oxidized mercury from the flue gas with a device for removing particulate solids from the flue gas.