Abstract: A process starting from a hydrocarbon feedstock, and aiming to produce a synthesis gas suitable either for methanol synthesis or for other applications requiring a low H.sub.2 /CO ratio.In this process, the feedstock, supposed to be desulfurized, is divided into two fractions; a first fraction undergoes a primary steam reforming at high pressure and moderate temperature; the gas effluent from said primary steam reforming, as well as the second fraction of the feedstock, are combined and subsequently undergo a secondary reforming by reaction with a free-oxygen rich gas in a reactor operating under essentially adiabatic conditions.The synthesis gas, obtained as effluent from said secondary reforming, has a composition adjustable at will in a wide range, and therefore can be made as close as necessary to the stoichiometric composition required for methanol synthesis, or it can be made with a low H.sub.2 /CO ratio for other applications.

Abstract: A process for the production of a fuel gas which includes the steps of:hydrogentation of a liquid hydrocarbon or solid carbonaceous material in the presence of air and optionally steam to produce a raw fuel gas stream comprising methane and unreacted hydrogen,gasification of a liquid hydrocarbon or solid carbonaceous material in the presence of air and optionally steam to produce a second gas stream comprising hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon oxides,removing solids therefrom from the gas streams, mixing the fuel gas stream with the second gas stream and with steam and subjecting the resulting stream to carbon monoxide shift to convert at least a portion of the carbon monoxide present to carbon dioxide with generation of hydrogen,removing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and other acid gas from the shifted gas stream; andreacting the hydrogen in the gas stream with carbon oxides present in the gas stream to generate methane and subjecting the methanated gas stream to cryogenic separation to yield at least

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the recovery of oil from aqueous oil refinery waste involves mixing the waste with a fluidizing oil and evaporating the water from the mixture in a plurality of stages. The dewatered mixture is fed to a delayed coking system in which a conventional coker feedstock is being used. The heavy hydrocarbon portion of the dewatered mixture changes to coke and light hydrocarbon material, the inert solids become trapped in the coke, and the fluidizing oil vaporizes. A stream of heavy coker gas oil is fed from a fractionator in the delayed coking system to a fluidizing tank where it is mixed with the sludge to define the fluidizing oil. Another hot stream of hydrocarbon material from the coker fractionator is sent to the evaporator section to provide the heat for evaporation.

Abstract: Wet refinery sludges are disposed of by feeding them into a delayed coking process. The sludge is fed to the blowdown drum of the delayed coking process and mixed with oil condensed from the coke drum overhead, and the resulting sludge-oil mixture is fed to the coke drum where it is converted into coke. In order to remove the water from the sludge, a portion of the sludge-oil mixture is heated and recirculated to the blowdown drum where it provides the heat for drying and heating the sludge. The recirculating sludge-oil mixture is heated by a low level heat source, such as one of the fluid streams taken off from the fractionator.

Abstract: A fired heater in which at least a portion of a tube extends within an enclosure and receives fluid from a manifold disposed externally of the enclosure via a conduit. At least a portion of the conduit extends within the enclosure so that, when heat is applied to the enclosure for heating the fluid the fluid in the conduit is preheated.

Abstract: A process starting from a hydrocarbon feedstock, and aiming to produce a synthesis gas suitable either for methanol synthesis or for other applications requiring a low H.sub.2 /CO ratio.In this process, the feedstock, supposed to be desulfurized, is divided into two fractions; a first fraction undergoes a primary steam reforming at high pressure and moderate temperature; the gas effluent from said primary steam reforming, as well as the second fraction of the feedstock, are combined and subsequently undergo a secondary reforming by reaction with an oxygen-containing gas in a reactor operating under essentially adiabatic conditions.The synthesis gas, obtained as effluent from said secondary reforming, has a composition adjustable at will in a wide range, and therefore can be made as close as necessary to the stoichiometric composition required for methanol synthesis, or it can be made with a low H.sub.2 /CO ratio for other applications.

Abstract: In a chemical process plant or the like, of the type having a gas turbine driven compressor and a fired heater for heating the process medium, and of the type which hitherto used the exhaust (GTE) of one or more gas turbines as an oxidizing medium input for oxidizing the fuel in the radiant section of the fired heater, the GTE is instead now diverted from the radiant section to a heat exchanger and air at substantially atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature is forced through the heat exchanger by a fan so as to be heated by the heat energy derived from the GTE and is then fed to the said oxidizing medium input of the heater radiant section. The GTE which has passed through the heat exchanger is exhausted to atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for producing an organic compound from a hydrocarbon containing feedstock. The feedstock is divided into two fractions. The first is subject to a primary steam reforming reaction. The reaction product is then combined with the second fraction and reacted with a free oxygen-rich gas in a secondary reforming reactor to form a synthesis gas having a ratio ofH.sub.2 /[2(CO)+3(CO.sub.2)]between 0.80 and 1.00. The synthesis gas is then mixed with a hydrogen-rich stream, which has been separated from a purge gas from the synthesis loop, to form a final synthesis gas. The final synthesis gas is injected into a synthesis loop in which the desired organic compound is formed. The purge gas extracted from the loop is subjected to a physical separation to form a hydrogen-rich gas stream and a residual gas stream. A portion of the hydrogen-rich stream is recycled to form the final synthesis gas.

Abstract: An ammonia production process in which excess nitrogen and traces of carbon oxides are removed from raw ammonia synthesis gas firstly by application of partial condensation and secondly by application of washing action provided by carbon-oxides-free liquified gas, rich in nitrogen, which is derived from a cryogenic process used preferentially for separation of hydrogen from the ammonia synthesis loop purge gas as produced in processes which use excess of nitrogen above stoichiometric requirements in the circulating gas in the synthesis loop.

Abstract: A device for remotely unheading delayed coking drums and method for remotely operating the device. The device includes a head unit for attachment to a lower flange of a coking drum and fastening means by which a plurality of swing bolts are disconnected by remotely operated detensioning equipment, and a platform device which lowers the header unit, moves it laterally to one side, and tips it for cleaning. A chute attached to the platform is brought into engagement with the coke drum lower flange for removal of coke from the drum. Following the coke removal, the chute is removed and the head unit is remotely reconnected to the coker drum lower flange. The invention also discloses a method for remotely operating the unheading device.

Abstract: The present invention cleans gas produced from solid carbonaceous materials in a two stage gas producer. Second stage gas from the gas producer is passed through a first precipitator to remove oil mist and particulates from the second stage gas. First stage gas from the gas producer is passed through a cyclone to remove particulates from the first stage gas. The first stage gas from the cyclone is cooled and then mixed with the second stage gas from the first precipitator. The temperature of the gas mixture is maintained at least at the temperature of the second stage gas. The gas mixture is cooled to a temperature in the range of about 25.degree. F. to about 125.degree. F. above the water dew point of the gas mixture. The cooled gas mixture is subsequently passed through a second precipitator to remove oil mist and particulates from the gas mixture and to yield an industrial usable gas.

Abstract: A delayed coking process and a solvent deasphalting process are combined so that an asphalt mix of asphalt and solvent from the solvent deasphalting process is sent as feedstock to the delayed coking process to form coke and intermediate hydrocarbon vapor and liquid products. The vaporization of the solvent in a delayed coker heater assists the flow of the asphalt mix through the heater, and a portion of the asphalt mix is directed to a delayed coking fractionator so that the flow of solvent through the delayed coking heater can be adjusted by varying the relative amounts of asphalt mix sent to the delayed coker heater and to the fractionator. A deasphalted oil mix of deasphalted oil and solvent from the solvent deasphalting process is heated by hotter fluid products from a fractionator in the delayed coking process, and makeup solvent to a solvent deasphalting section is heated by vapors in the fractionator overhead.

Abstract: A process of preparing a donor solvent for coal liquefaction. Liquefied coal is distilled to separate the coal into a fraction having a boiling point less than about 350.degree. F. and a residue having a boiling point greater than about 350.degree. F. The residue from the distillation is deasphalted in a first solvent capable of substantially extracting from the residue a first oil comprising lower molecular weight compounds and saturated compounds. The residue from the first deasphalting step is then deasphalted in a second solvent capable of substantially extracting from the residue a second oil comprising concentrated aromatic and heterocyclic compounds and leaving in the residue asphaltenes and ash. The second oil can be used as a donor solvent. The second oil extracted in the second deasphalting step is preferably partially hydrogenated prior to use as a donor solvent for the liquefaction of coal.

Abstract: A process for removal of excess nitrogen and carbon oxides from a raw synthesis gas used to make ammonia. The raw synthesis gas is divided into two portions. The first portion is methanated to remove carbon oxides and then cooled to condense part of its nitrogen content. The condensed nitrogen is fed to the top of a nitrogen wash column. The second portion of the raw synthesis gas is passed over an absorbent which removes carbon dioxide and water vapor. It is then cooled to condense excess nitrogen. The remaining gas is fed to the bottom of a nitrogen wash column where it is washed free of carbon monoxide by the nitrogen condensed from the methanated gas stream.