Abstract: An air-compressing, self-igniting combustion engine for liquid fuels, in an arrangement that includes a combustion chamber depression in a piston for receiving injected fuel predominantly in the vicinity of the wall thereof and for receiving rotating combustion air at the time of fuel injection. Oxygen-containing fuel that is reluctant to ignite is injected through a first injection device into the combustion chamber depression; through a second injection device there is injected fuel that is willing to ignite, for instance oil fuel, gas oil or Diesel fuel, for initiating and/or maintaining the fuel combustion in the combustion chamber depression. Furthermore, the injection times of the fuel that is willing to ignite and the oxygen-containing fuel that is reluctant to ignite overlap each other. The first and second injection nozzles each are arranged with an injection pump and are rigidly coupled and have a common injection adjuster. Both injection nozzles are combined in a single-nozzle body.

Abstract: An electromagnetically operating actuator for control elements capable of making oscillatory movements in displacement machines, more particularly for flat slide shut-off valves and lift valves, includes a spring system and a pair of electrically operating switching elements, over which the control element is movable in two discrete opposite operating positions and is retained thereat by either switching magnet, the locus of the position of equilibrium of the spring system lying between the two operating positions. The invention is characterized by the provision of a compression device in engagement with the spring system for relocating the locus of the position of equilibrium of the spring system upon actuation of the compression device.

Abstract: A method, and apparatus for carrying out the method, for detecting knocking operation in externally auto-ignited internal combustion engines. The radiation emitted from the combustion chamber gases is detected with a knock sensor and is passed on. Suitable as a knock sensor are photo-conductive fibers which are preferably accommodated in the central electrode of the spark plug. The radiation detected by the knock sensor is conveyed through a transmission mechanism, which can also be constructed of photo-conductive fibers, to a radiation receiver and a signal converter, for example a photo-multiplier, and is subsequently processed in a processing logic. The processing logic delivers an output signal when knocking operation exists. This output signal can either be indicated, and/or can be utilized to control the parameters which influence the knocking combustion.

Abstract: A method of operating an air-compressing, self-igniting combustion engine for liquid fuels, in an arrangement that includes a combustion chamber depression in a piston for receiving injected fuel predominantly in the vicinity of the wall thereof and for receiving rotating combustion air at the time of fuel injection. Oxygen-containing fuel that is reluctant to ignite is injected through a first injection device into the combustion chamber depression; through a second injection device there is injected fuel that is willing to ignite, for instance oil fuel, gas oil or Diesel fuel, for initiating and/or maintaining the fuel combustion in the combustion chamber depression. Furthermore, the injection times of the fuel that is willing to ignite and the oxygen-containing fuel that is reluctant to ignite overlap each other. The first and second injection nozzles each are arranged with an injection pump and are rigidly coupled and have a common injection adjuster.