Abstract: The inventive drive device for several units of a machine has an inertia drive with an inertia drive spindle (1) driven by a motor, and several inertia drive nuts (2), the nuts being fitted on the inertia drive spindle (1) and being allocated to the units. The inertia drive nuts (2) are each arranged in the housings of the units in such a way that they can turn but cannot be displaced axially. During the rest phase of a particular unit, the inertia drive nut (2) is solidly connected to the inertia drive spindle (1) with a first positive and/or nonpositive fit. For the movement phase of the aggregate, the nut (2) is disconnected from the spindle (1) and is solidly connected to the housing with a second positive and/or nonpositive fit.

Abstract: Process and device for reducing an ignition voltage of power pulses in plasmas operated in a pulsed manner with long pulse-off times. The process includes generating a power pulsed plasma at a pulse duty factor, the pulse duty factor being a ratio of pulse-on time to pulse-off time, and at least before the beginning of the pulse-on time of the power pulses, producing charge carriers using an additional plasma discharge at a lower power than that of the power pulses. The device includes a vacuum chamber including at least one pump system, an arrangement for producing plasma, the arrangement including at least one anode and at least one cathode, an energy source connected to the cathode and the anode which cab be pulsed in the frequency range of between approximately 10 Hz to approximately 1 MHz, and a mechanism for one of producing an additional plasma discharge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surface plasmon resonance sensor for the simultaneous measurement of a plurality of samples present in fluid form. The aim of the invention is to provide such a sensor which can be arranged into a defined array and where the surface plasmon resonance sensors can be produced using technology which is simpler and more economical than those produced according to the prior art. To this end several strip-like optical wave guides (2) are arranged on a planar support (1) at a defined distance to each other in such a way that their front faces (21, 22) are flush with opposite sides (11, 12) of the planar support (1). Each strip-like optical wave guide (2) in a section which is to be brought into contact with the fluid samples has at least one thin metal layer (3) which permits the excitation of surface plasmons.

Abstract: In a method of coding discrete time signals (X1) sampled with a first sampling rate, second time signals (x2) are generated using the first time signals having a bandwidth corresponding to a second sampling rate, with the second sampling rate being lower than the first sampling rate. The second time signals are coded in accordance with a first coding algorithm. The coded second signals (X2c) are decoded again in order to obtain coded/decoded second time signals (X2cd) having a bandwidth corresponding to the second sampling frequency. The first time signals, by frequency domain transformation, become first spectral values (X1). Second spectral values (X2cd) are generated from the coded/decoded second time signals, the second spectral values being a representation of the coded/decoded time signals in the frequency domain.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of marking binary-coded data sets, especially image data or audio signals, by applying at least one information unit to a data set. The invention is characterized by the generation of a discrete position sequence for the application of information units to the data set to be marked, taking into account data-specific characteristics and using a key; and by the fact that the information unit to be applied is written and read at the positions established in the position sequence in the data set.

Abstract: A method for the production of molded bodies comprising foam particles is proposed in which the foam particles are shaped and welded together using microwave energy. The foam particles are accommodated in a foil-like bag and the bag is manually shaped or shaped through the use of a shaped mold with simultaneous change of the shape of the foam particles, and evacuated into a dense package. Microwave energy is subsequently used to melt together at least the surfaces of the foam particles. The method in accordance with the invention is particularly well suited as an economical manufacturing technique for packaging, in particular specialized packaging for models, small production runs, prototypes and the like.

Abstract: An apparatus for isolating cell material from a tissue system and/or a liquid includes (1) a vessel open at the top, into which the cell material to be isolated can be introduced in the tissue system and/or the liquid; and (2) a separating device having a stamp-shaped configuration and including a flat separating disk having a peripheral edge fitting with the inner walls of the vessel in a fluid-tight manner and presenting at least one passage opening which is covered by a filter membrane, and which device can be inserted from the top into the vessel. The isolating disk pressurises the cell material inclusive of the tissue system and/or the liquid and acts thereupon with shearing forces by rotation. The cells and/or cell systems pass through the pores of the filter membrane whereas the residual tissue material is retained.

Abstract: A tripod bearing device featuring a stationary frame and a carrier moveable relative to it, which are connected together via three braces that are adjustable in their lengths. Each brace is coupled to the frame and to the carrier via a joint each with two rotational degrees of freedom. Moreover, a torsion drive is assigned to each brace for twisting the carrier-end joint of the relevant brace relative to the frame-end joint of this brace about its longitudinal axis. Consequently, a constructively simple parallel structure with three machining axes can be realized which, with its high dynamic stiffness, enables an accurate positioning of the carrier. Furthermore, a method for torsion compensation in the braces is given.

Abstract: An acoustic transducer, especially an air transducer, including a piezoceramic disk (10). The object of the invention is to provide an improved transducer of this type for more efficiently converting electromagnetic waves into mechanical waves and vice versa. To this end, a combination of a piezoceramic disk (10) and a membrane (8) is provided, the membrane being configured as a monomorphic flexural resonator and being composed of an epoxy-hollow glass sphere mixture or of a material which is similar in terms of its acoustic properties. The planar vibration mode (4) in the piezoceramic is converted into a thickness vibration (6) using Poisson's ratio. After the conversion, this thickness vibration is then adapted to the propagation medium, especially air, by a coupling layer having a low acoustic impedance.

Abstract: Optically pumped amplifiers, in particular solid-state amplifiers, comprise an amplification medium (1) and an optical pumping arrangement (5) via which the pumping radiation is coupled to the amplification medium (1), the pumping radiation being formed before coupling. The volume of the amplification medium is only partially pumped; the pumped volume of the amplification medium is approximately rectangular in cross-section and approximately perpendicular to the optical axis; and the ratio of the width to height of the rectangular cross-section is greater than 1:8.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for testing solar home systems including at least one of each of the following components: a photovoltaic solar generator, a battery, a charge controller and a load. According to the invention, connecting means are provided. These enable the device to be connected to the at least one charge controller, the at least one charge controller having been uncoupled from the other components; to the at least one solar generator, to the at least one battery and to the at least one load. The device also includes testing means with which all the components can be tested individually and within their typical operational connections to each other in order to determine the parameters and states which are characteristic to the operativeness of the solar home system being tested. Display means for displaying the parameters and states that are tested are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for improving the surface of a substrate. Plasma is produced by a luminous discharge, close to the substrate to be treated, using a hollow cathode and an anode assigned thereto. A reactive gas located in the area of the luminous discharge is activated, causing a change to occur on the surface of substrate to provide the desired improvement. The hollow cathode is brought to a self-cleansing temperature and maintained at said temperature, whereby the parasitic deposits caused by the reactive gas are removed and/or converted. The self-cleansing temperature is stabilized by taking into account the following factors: the heating of the hollow cathode by the luminous discharge, thermal conduction carried out by the reactive gas and radiation in the direction of a cooled anode arranged at a small distance from the hollow cathode.

Abstract: An ultrasonic test process and device intended for testing a preferably cylindrical specimen (2), such as railway wheel, which is capable of displacement along a support, such as a rail (10). The ultrasonic test device comprises at least one ultrasonic probe (14) disposed in the support (10) which emits acoustic waves in the direction of the specimen. The acoustic waves are reflected by defects in the specimen (2) and received again by a probe. The test device is designed to reliably and non-destructively test the volume and surface of the specimen (2) as it rolls over the support (10). In the process of the invention a number (m) of probes (14) are controlled so that the ultrasonic waves have a preferably horizontal polarization and are emitted into the specimen (2) at a predetermined angle (66) relative to the running surface (8) of the rail (10).

Abstract: The object of the invention is to propose an arrangement, with which, when shutting-off or throttling the transport of a liquid with a fitting, the occurrence of undesirable pressures in the pipeline is prevented reliably without supplying air or other gases into the pipeline, as well as without using an air chamber or an auxiliary fitting or additional controllers and without specifying a fixed shutting off and throttling rate. The implementation of the invention shall prevent impermissible pressures upstream as well as downstream of the shutting-off fitting. The invention provides that a braking system is connected with the pipeline and is driven by liquid pressure in the pipeline, acting on the drive shaft, the drive spindle or the drive rods of the shutting-off or throttling fitting.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing functional coatings with organofunctional silanes, a metal compound and difficultly volatile oxides, in which

Abstract: The invention relates to an oxygenator membrane based on organically modified silicic-acid polycondensates into a process for preparation thereof. The oxygenator membrane is obtainable by processing a viscous to resinous liquid by conventional methods to form a membrane, drying this membrane, if desired, and subjecting it to curing induced thermally and/or radiatively and/or chemically. The viscous to resinous liquid is obtained by hydrolytic polycondensation of one or more compounds of the general formula I and/or II and/or III and/or IV and/or of precondensates derived from these compound by hydrolytic condensation and, if desired, of one or more compounds of the general formula V, and, if desired, by addition of one or more monomers and/or oligomers which are capable of undergoing addition copolymerization and/or (poly)addition reaction and/or of one or more curing catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device, in particular for a laser-induced vacuum are discharge evaporator for depositing of multiple layers with a high level of purity and high deposition rates on large-area components. According to the invention, the material source for the coating material is in a source chamber which can be evacuated and can be separated in a vacuum-tight manner from the actual coating chamber in which the substrate to be coated is located. The evaporator can, in particular, be used for deposition of amorphous carbon layers which are hydrogen-free and superhard and/or which contain hydrogen, in conjunction with high-purity metal layers or for the reactive plasma-enhanced deposition of, for example, oxidic, carbide, nitride hard material layers of ceramic layers or a combination thereof. The corresponding plasma sources can be flange-mounted on any suitable coating chambers and, consequently, also combined with conventional coating processes, for example magnetron sputtering.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement for detecting a variable that is to be measured, has at least two substantially similar sensor elements. These sensor elements each produce an output signal in response to the variable to be measured, the output signals having a Hall voltage disturbance component. The two sensor elements are orientated in relation to each other in such a way that a sensor signal can be produced by a combination of their output signals, the Hall voltage disturbance components being compensated in the sensor signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for quantitative and qualitative on-line differentiation of biotic and abiotic particles. The methods and devices are used to ensure quality and to monitor production as well as in analysis procedures for particular contamination's of gaseous media. The methods and devices are chiefly used in pharmacology, food technology, medicine, biotechnology and health care and in controlling maximum admissible concentration values. According to the inventive method, the gas sample to be measured is briefly heated at very high temperatures in a heating chamber (3). Dimensional distribution of particle contamination is determined before and after heating by means of diffuse light sensors (1, 2). Dimensional changes of biotic panicles caused by heating make it possible to determine their proportion in total particle load of the gas sample and their composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electromechanical converter, a method of manufacturing same, as well as to a composite system including the electromechanical converter. The inventive electromechanical converter consists of at least one elongate fiber (1) made of a piezoelectric material. At least two electrodes (2) are provided at mutually spaced locations on the fiber (1) for subjecting the fiber to an electrical field. The electrodes (2) are in direct contact with the fiber (1) and enclose the fiber (1) partly or completely. The direct contact between the electrode and the fiber permits the optimum introduction of the electrical field into the fiber such that lower electrical potentials on the electrodes are sufficient for polarising the fiber. Another advantage resides in the aspect that the electrode is in direct contact with the fiber not only at one point but over part of the periphery of the fiber. This results in a further enhancement of the introduction of the electrical field.