Abstract: Method and apparatus for bonding a contact element (17) on a substrate (20), in which the contact element is held by a connecting device designed, in particular, as a bonding head (11) and the contact element or the substrate or both are loaded with thermal energy, whereinthe contact element rests on the substrate when loaded with energy and a relative movement takes place between the contact element and the substrate,reference energy issuing from an emission surface (28) and transmitted to the contact element (17) is measured during the relative movement as a reference value for the quality of the relative position of the contact element (17), andthe relative movement and the energy loading are interrupted when an adequate reference value is measured.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the detection of errors, respectively perceptible disturbances, in the transmission of frequency-coded digital signals and, in particular, audio signals transmitted in blocks by a transmitter to a receiver.The present invention is distinguished by that from the frequency coefficients of earlier and, if need be, future blocks, a decision function is formed, on the basis of which the occurrence of an error is determined, and that the frequency coefficient containing an error is not longer utilized for the evaluation of subsequent blocks.