Abstract: The invention relates to semiconductor components, in particular solar cells made of III-V compound semiconductors, as are used in terrestrial PV concentrator systems or for electrical energy supply in satellites. However it is also used in other optoelectronic components, such as lasers and light diodes, where either high tunnel current densities are necessary or special materials are used and where stress in the entire structure is not desired.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a lens, a substrate which has a recess in a first surface thereof is provided. A sacrificial material is provided in the recess which has shape in accordance with a first desired lens surface. A lens material is applied to the substrate and to the sacrificial material and cured so that the lens material has a shape in accordance with the first desired lens surface, and then the sacrificial material is removed.

Abstract: For converting first and second blocks of discrete values into a transformed representation, the first block is transformed according to a first transformation rule and then rounded. Then, the rounded transformed values are summed with the second block of original discrete values, to then process the summation result according to a second transformation rule. The output values of the transformation via the second transformation rule are again rounded and then subtracted from the original discrete values of the first block of discrete values to obtain a block of integer output values of the transformed representation. By this multi-dimensional lifting scheme, a lossless integer transformation is obtained, which can be reversed by applying the same transformation rule, but with different signs in summation and subtraction, respectively, so that an inverse integer transformation can also be obtained.

Abstract: A reflection-reducing interference layer system is disclosed, which has at least three alternating layers having different refractive indices. At least one nanostructured layer comprising an organic material or an organic-inorganic hybrid material is applied to the alternating layers. With the interference layer system, it is possible to obtain very low reflection over a wide wavelength and incident angle range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and to an arrangement for the frequency conversion of coherent optical radiation with adjustable wavelength by way of a two-stage non-linear optical process. In the method and the arrangement, a frequency doubling is carried out in a first non-linear optical crystal (301, 302) and a sum frequency generation or a frequency doubling is carried out in a second non-linear optical crystal (401, 402) which is connected downstream. A positively birefringent crystal, in which the frequency doubling is carried out during a phase matching of type I from the extraordinary wave of the output frequency according to the <eeo> scheme, is used as the first non-linear optical crystal (301, 302). The second non-linear optical crystal (401, 402) is chosen such that phase matching is made possible by rotating the crystal in the same spatial plane in which the first crystal (301, 302) must also be rotated during a phase matching.

Abstract: This invention refers to hybrid pre-polymers and polymers, produced through conversion from difunctional, oligofunctional and/or polyfunctional cyanates and/or from their pre-polymers with monomeric, oligomeric and/or polymeric silazanes. The polymers are duromers with high glass transition temperature and fracture toughness, compared to duromers from the respective cyanate source material. In their pre-polymerized state, they can be dissolved in solvents and are therefore suitable as impregnating resins for prepregs. In addition, they can be processed to become moldings. Their burning properties are described as particularly outstanding.

Abstract: A low-temperature fuel cell having an integrated water management system for passive discharge of product water includes at least one membrane-electrode assembly having at least one anode-side and one cathode-side electrode and at least one membrane disposed between the electrodes, current collector structures disposed on the anode-side and cathode-side and distribution structures for fuel and oxidant disposed on the anode-side and cathode-side. The cathode-side distribution structure hereby has a capillary structure for transporting away the product water and also gas supply channels.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying an RFID component with energy includes an antenna and an energy store. The energy store stores energy induced into the antenna by an alternating electromagnetic field during a first time interval. In addition, the energy store supplies the RFID component with stored energy in order to maintain its functionality during a later, second time interval if an energy induced by an alternating electromagnetic field during the later, second time interval is not sufficient for supplying the RFID component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor element for pressure measurement, having a substrate (5) and at least one mass element (1), which is arranged spaced apart from the substrate (5) and is connected in an oscillating manner to the substrate (5) and/or a support body (6) fixed relative to the substrate (5), so that a gap is formed between the mass element (1) and the substrate (5), the width of which can be varied through oscillations of the mass element (1). At least one recess and/or at least one bushing (4) is located in the surface of the substrate (5) delimiting the gap, which recess is used for reducing the damping of the oscillation of the mass element through the gas or plasma surrounding the mass element (1). The sensor element is used in particular in pressure sensors for measuring pressures in the vacuum range. Through the use of the sensor element according to the invention as a pressure sensor, maximum pressures up to the range of atmospheric air pressure can be recorded.

Abstract: The automated detection of scene boundaries supports the user in browsing a video. Establishing the similarity between two respective frame sequences is made by choosing and comparing respective key-frames from each frame sequence, which are temporally as far apart from each other as possible but lie outside gradual transitions. Additionally or alternatively, film grammar- and probability-based taking into account of all types of transitions with respect to their separating and/or merging effect on the frame sequences surrounding the transitions and a differently weighted incorporation of the effects of the different types of transitions into uniting frame sequences k into scenes is provided. Thus, all types of transitions are incorporated in determining frame sequence boundaries as scene boundaries with a corresponding weighting, both their separating and merging effect is taken into account, and this knowledge is introduced on a probability basis into the decision in existing scene detection methods.

Abstract: A device for generating a filtered activity pattern based on a first activity pattern at an auditory model of a first ear and a second activity pattern at an auditory model of a second ear includes an identifier for identifying a first trajectory in the first activity pattern and a second trajectory in the second activity pattern which are associated with the same sound event. The device further includes a determiner for determining whether the two trajectories are associated with a sound event of a useful sound source. The device further includes a filter for filtering the first activity pattern or the second activity pattern based on a result of determining whether a trajectory is associated with a sound event of the useful sound source.

Abstract: In a reproduction area where there are at least three directional groups, each of which has speakers, triggering of the speakers is achieved in that a source path from a first directional group position to a second directional group position is initially obtained along with movement information for the source path. Subsequently, a source path parameter is calculated for different points in time on the basis of the movement information, the source path parameter indicating a position of an audio source on the source path. In addition, a path modification command is received to define a compensation path to the third directional zone, a value of the source path parameter further being stored at a location where the compensation path deviates from the source path, and being used, along with a compensation parameter, for calculating weighting factors for the speakers of the three directional groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to an interface for controlling (for example damping) mechanical vibrations for the automotive industry. The inventive interface comprises a base connection element, a load connection element and at least one energy converting system extending between the base connection element and the load connection element. The different energy converters of the one energy converting systems have a common preferential direction and are exposed to a preload action produced by a pretensioning element. The inventive interface also comprises a pushing force deviating element mounted between the base connection element and the load connection element which is provided with a membrane or a leaf spring disposed preferably in a perpendicular direction with respect to the preferential direction of the energy converting system. The inventive pushing force deviating element protects the energy converting systems against mechanical damage caused by an external pushing action.

Abstract: An arrangement and method recognizes and classifies preferably hidden objects in object and/or human traffic. Objects relevant to security are recognized, located and tracked through the surroundings thereof in moving object and human traffic isolated in real time. Use is made of a combination of a field generator, the field of which is modified by at least one corresponding object within the scanned space, first sensors which repeatedly record the changes in the field and provide corresponding signals, second sensors which record defined surroundings of the object in real-time with relation to the first sensors and provide corresponding signals and analytical means which correlate and collate the signals from the sensors with each other and which give from the same the shape, spatial position and/or spatial orientation of the object.

Abstract: The invention is a method for permanent connection of two components by soldering employing a glass or metal solder as the solder material. A layer system providing adhesion is applied to both components, between which the solder material is introduced. the layer system is heated to a soldering temperature characteristic for the solder material and results in a permanent solder connection between both components after cooling. The layer system providing adhesion has an adhesive layer applicable directly to the component and a solderable layer. The adhesive layer, if a glass solder is used, contains oxidic, carbidic, or nitridic components or mixed compounds thereof and, if a metal solder is used, the adhesive layer contains carbidic or nitridic components or mixed compounds thereof.

Abstract: In an X-ray computer tomograph and a method for investigating an object by means of X-ray computer tomography, to improve the image quality, a first intensity of the X-ray radiation between an X-ray source and the object is measured by means of a first intensity measurement device (13) and a second intensity of the X-ray radiation between the object and the X-ray detector outside a projection region of the object is measured by means of a second intensity measurement device. A scattered radiation correction factor is calculable by means of the measured intensities to reduce the scattered radiation.

Abstract: A power semiconductor module for energy distribution, includes at least one power semiconductor, connection terminals for connecting the power semiconductor module, and a housing, in which protection from explosion is ensured in the module even in the event of electric arcs. Therefore, each power semiconductor and each connection terminal is disposed in the housing, and the housing includes an exhaust gas channel for the controlled withdrawal of hot gases and/or plasma in the event of an explosion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a heater, in particular a high-temperature heater and also a high-temperature heater, for example for domestic heating appliances, in which a layer that produces heat when a current flows through is provided on a carrier material (12) as a heating element (14), wherein a first electrically conductive layer (16) which is formed from a free-flowing, non-electrically conductive base material and carbon nano tubes dispersed therein is applied to the carrier material (12), wherein a protective layer (17) is applied to this first layer (16) and at least partly penetrates into the first layer (14) as it is applied, or wherein a functional layer (21) with carbon nano tubes dispersed therein is applied to the carrier material (12), and wherein the at least one layer (16, 17) or the functional layer (21) makes contact with strip-like contact elements (18), and the layers (16, 17) applied to the carrier material or the functional layer (21) are heated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer material with a functionalised surface and also to a method for in situ functionalisation of polymer materials. Furthermore, the invention comprises the use of the polymer materials.

Abstract: Controllable change-over apparatus for a solar module comprises an output terminal, a DC/DC converter, a controllable switching device and a control. The controllable switching device is implemented with a first switch position and a second switch position, wherein, in the first switch position, a power output of the solar module is connected to the output terminal via the DC/DC converter, and, in the second switch position, the power output of the solar module is connected to the output terminal by bypassing the DC/DC converter. The control switches the controllable switching device by using a performance characteristic for switching the same to the first or second switch position. In particular, the control is implemented to connect the solar module directly to its output terminal in the case of high power dissipation of the same, i.e. at strong solar radiation, and to connect the solar module to the output terminal via the DC/DC converter in the case of weak power dissipation of the same, i.e.