Abstract: A DECT transmit-receive terminal comprises a plurality of transmit-receive antennas for communicating with a DECT base station, a device for determining the quality of a communications connection between the DECT transmit-receive terminal and the DECT base station, and a means for switching over from one transmit-receive antenna to another transmit-receive antenna, said switch-over means being connected to the determining device for switching over if the quality of the communications connection is below a predetermined threshold. An antenna diversity effect is thus realized for the DECT transmit-receive terminal by means of which the transmission quality of the communications connection is improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a micro reactor arrangement, particularly for a micro relay. It comprises a substrate (1) with two thermomechanical micro actuators (3, 4). In response to thermal stimulation, the first micro actuator (3) performs a movement in parallel with the substrate surface (2), while the second micro actuator moves in a direction orthogonal on the substrate surface (2). Both thermomechanical micro actuators are so disposed relative to each other that the first micro actuator (3), in the extended state, reaches under the second micro actuator (4). With these provisions, the first micro actuator (3) can be maintained in this position without supply of power when the second micro actuator (4) is de-energized. With the present micro actuator arrangement, one can achieve the advantages of a high activation force and long positioning travels of thermomechanical micro actuators for micro relays, without the necessity to supply energy for maintaining the individual switching states.

Abstract: The present invention is to a method for measuring the thickness of a layer on an object during a layer-depositing process, and a device by which the method can be realized. In the method, a diffraction object having at least two opposing diffracting limits at a known spacing, is positioned in such a way that a layer is deposited or absorbed at the diffracting limits of the diffraction object, whose thickness of layer has a known relationship with the thickness of the layer on the object. The diffracting limits of the diffraction object are projected by a coherent light pencil on a detection surface. The local intensity distribution, which is induced by diffraction on the detection surface, is detected and computed from the intensity distribution of the thickness of the layer. The method permits the detection of the thickness of thin layers during the layer-depositing process independently of the parameters of the material and with a high precision.

Abstract: An optical arrangement for symmetrizing beams which includes a plurality of laser diodes arranged next to one another. The plurality of laser diodes emit beams which are asymmetrical relative to a first direction and a second direction, with the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction. A microcylinder lens optics is arranged in an inclined manner around an optical axis. The beams emitted by the laser diodes in the first direction are collimated and deflected at different angles and are separated thereby. A direction element is arranged downstream of the microcylinder lens optics. The direction element deflects a beam of each individual laser diode in the second direction, whereby each of these beams is deflected by a different angle in the second direction, in such a way that central points of the individual beams converge at a predetermined distance in the second direction.

Abstract: An ESD protective transistor comprises a heavily doped p-type base region which is arranged in a lightly doped p-well and which is provided with a first terminal. Furthermore, a heavily doped n-type emitter region is arranged in the lightly doped p-well. A heavily doped n-type collector region is separated from the lightly doped p-well through a lightly doped n-type region and is provided with a second terminal. The heavily doped n-type emitter region is not short-circuited with the heavily doped base region viy a common electrode and is of floating design. The doping types of the respective regions may be reversed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of a composite material from superposed layers of solid and frothable metallic materials. The structural component consists of at least one layer of a solid metallic material and at least one layer of frothable metallic material. The structural component may be structured as a composite sheet or as a hollow body. The fabrication method of the structural component insures a good bond between the solid metallic layer and the frothable layer and that the frothable layer is securely attached to the solid metallic layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a method for determining the concentration of organisms in a fluid, where metabolite parameters are recorded by means of a data acquisition unit and subsequently converted.

Abstract: A plate-shaped constructional element comprises a perforated plate made of a solid material such as metal, wood, wood chip board, pressboard, synthetic material or gypsum, and is characterized by the provision that a micro-perforated sheet or thin plate is disposed on one of the plate surfaces of the plate. One variant provides that the holes in the plate are formed in such a manner that they open each into a micro hole on one side of the plate.

Abstract: A device for seat supervision in motor vehicles has a pulsed monochromatic light source for the short-time illumination of a supervised space. An image sensor array (ISA) is also provided for recording an image of the supervised space. The ISA is provided with a global electronic shutter unit which permits the illumination time of the ISA to be adjusted independently of a readout clock of the ISA. A synchronization unit for synchronizing the operation of the pulsed laser source and the ISA is provided. Also provided is a control unit for controlling the light source and the ISA so as to create a first image of the supervised space during illumination of the same at a first time and to create a second image of the supervised space without illumination of the same at a second time. Finally, a unit for creating a difference image from the first and second images is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention describes a coated cutting tool for metal machining. The coating is formed by one or more layers of refractory compounds of which at least one layer of fine-grained, crystalline &ggr;-phase alumina, Al2O3, with a grainsize less than 0.1 &mgr;m. The Al2O3 layer is deposited with a bipolar pulsed DMS technique (Dual Magnetron Sputtering) at substrate temperatures in the range 450° C. to 700° C. preferably 550° C. to 650° C., depending on the particular material of the tool body to be coated. Identification of the &ggr;-phase alumina is made by X-ray diffraction. Reflexes from the (400) and (440) planes occurring at the 2&thgr;0- angles 45.8 and 66.8 degrees when using CuK&agr; radiation identify the &ggr;-phase Al2O3. The alumina layer is also very strongly textured in the [440]-direction. The Al2O3 layer is virtually free of cracks and halogen impurities. Furthermore, the Al2O3 layer gives the cutting edge of the tool an extremely smooth surface finish.

Abstract: A high temperature fuel cell has a cathode which comprises at least a first layer and a second layer disposed on one side of the first layer, in which the first layer contains 30 to 60% by weight of a first electrolyte made up of zirconium oxide ZrO2 and at least one proportion of scandium oxide Sc2O3, and the second layer comprises substoichiometric lanthanum strontium manganate having the formula LaxSryMnO3 in which the sum of x and y is less than 1. By means of this, a high ionic conductivity is achieved for the cathode (6). The ionic conductivity further remains substantially constant as a function of the operating time t.

Abstract: In a method of producing three-dimensional circuits, a first and a second substrate are first provided, each of said substrates having arranged therein a plurality of components which have been tested with regard to their operability. The second substrate is diced so as to obtain a plurality of individual chips, each individual chip comprising at least one component. Subsequently, the individual chips are arranged on the first substrate and connected to said first substrate so that operative components in said first substrate are connected to individual chips including an operative component, and so that non-operative components in said first substrate are connected to chip elements having no function, so as to obtain a three-dimensional complete structure. Finally, the three-dimensional complete structure is diced so as to obtain three-dimensional circuits.

Abstract: A circuitry for high-speed reading of a video cell for a video pickup chip including a plurality of such video cells disposed in the form of a two-dimensional array, and a read-out logic designed for imaging a high input signal dynamic volume onto a reduced output signal dynamic volume, wherein the photosensitive element of the video cell is connected to the first main electrode of a first MOS transistor (M0) and to the gate of a second MOS transistor (M1) such that the gate and the other main electrode of the first MOS transistor (M0) are short-circuited and applied to an invariable potential (Vpp) so as to achieve a logarithmic characteristic line, and that an output signal amplifier is connected to the second main electrode of the second MOS transistor (M1). Moreover, a method of high speed reading of this video cell is described.

Abstract: In a method of examining the surface structures of a sample or of modifying the surface structures of a sample by means of a beam impinging on the surface structure of the sample, gas is supplied discontinuously, preferably in a pulsed mode, at least in the area of impingement of the beam on the surface structure of the sample.

Abstract: A process is provided for manufacturing homo- and copolyesters of lactic acid by ring scission polymerization of its cyclic monomers in the presence of an initiator. Polymerization is carried out in the molten phase in the presence of an initiator system containing a compound of tin and at least one additional initiator chosen from the compounds of metal of the fourth subgroup.

Abstract: In a method for estimating a non-linear characteristic of an amplifier, an input signal is provided, a reference signal is determined based on the power of the input signal, the input signal is amplified using said amplifier in order to produce an amplified signal, a measurement signal is determined based on the power of the amplified signal and respective samples of the measurement signal are associated with respective samples of the reference signal. A gain value of said amplifier for each sample is determined from the respective samples of the reference signal and the measurement signal. An operating range of the amplifier is divided into a plurality of power sections and an averaged gain value is produced for each power section. Thereafter, a measure of the deviation of the gain values associated with a power section from said averaged gain value is determined. Then, averaged gain values are rejected which have a measure of the deviation which exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A micromechanical pump has a membrane (2) positioned above a substrate (1). The substrate is provided with a cavity (8) which is formed in an endlessly continuous shape (e.g., circular) to provide a channel for a drive fluid. A cover (9) is positioned above the substrate with the membrane being between the substrate and cover. The cover is provided with an inlet (11) and outlet (10). Electrodes (3, 4) are provided around the floor of the cavity. The electrodes are selectively actuated so as to attract selected areas of the membrane resulting in a gap forming between the cover and the selected areas of the membrane. The areas of the membrane above the non-selected electrodes form a seal with the cover. By selectively actuating the electrodes a peristaltic pumping action results in a pumped fluid traveling from the inlet, through the gaps and out the outlet.

Abstract: An optical amplifier arrangement, including an amplifying medium, which exhibits an approximately rectangular cross section with a long edge and a short edge, as well as at least two highly reflecting mirrors, between which the amplifying medium is disposed, whereby the long or the short edge of the cross section is along the X axis or the Y axis; the Z axis is the optical axis; and the X, Y and Z axis form a rectangular coordinate system. The mirrors are designed and arranged in such a manner that one beam, which is to be amplified and beamed in by an oscillator, passes repeatedly through the amplifying medium in the XZ plane and is amplified; and the size of the beam to be amplified in the X direction becomes larger after each passage.

Abstract: A device for decoupling a supply voltage for HF amplifier circuits is described which includes an output line for coupling out an amplified signal, wherein one end of the output line, which is not used for coupling out signals, is connected to a circuit element designed as decoupling circuit. The circuit element has a low ohmic d.c. resistance and presents an HF-power absorption capacity that increases as the frequency increases, thus constituting a reflection-free termination for high frequencies. The circuit element is preferably constituted by several discrete subcircuits connected in succession. The device permits the operation of integrated distributed amplifiers of high performance at a low power loss caused by the decoupling circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reflection reducing coating on a substrate which is formed from an alternating change layer system each having a lower and higher refractive index. In particular, the invention can be advantageously employed on surfaces of substrates such as optical elements and spectacle glasses, in particular. According to the object most different substrates are to be coated, and during the deposition of a reflection reducing coating an unacceptable temperature rise of the respective substrate is not to occur. With this, a coating is deposited in which the sum of the layer thicknesses of layers each having a higher refractive index is ≦5% of the total layer thickness of the coating, and the layers of the material having a higher refractive index within the layer sequence of the change layer system are uniformly distributed.