Abstract: A system for producing chemicals, such as, ethylene or gasoline, at high temperature (above 1100 degrees C.) having a feedstock source. The system includes a chemical conversion portion connected with the feedstock source to receive feedstock and convert the feedstock to ethylene or gasoline. The conversion portion includes a coil array and a furnace that heats the feedstock to temperatures in excess of 1100° C. or 1200° C. or even 1250° C. or even 1300° C. or even 1400° C. A method for producing chemicals, such as ethylene or gasoline, at high temperature.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for examining a body part. The apparatus comprises a mechanism for immobilizing and compressing the body part. The apparatus also comprises a mechanism for providing an internal anatomical image of the body part and a mechanism for detecting single gamma-rays emitted by a radiotracer infiltrated into the body part. The detecting mechanism is disposed in an adjacent relationship with the mechanism for providing an internal anatomic image so that the body part remains in the same position during and between anatomic and radiotracer imaging. In one embodiment, the detecting mechanism includes a detector module disposed on one side of the immobilizing mechanism. The detector module preferably has at least one array of gamma ray sensitive material in communication with a position detector. In another embodiment, the detecting mechanism includes a pair of detector modules disposed one on each side of the immobilizing mechanism.

Abstract: The present invention is a device for producing collimated electron beams. The device comprises a gated field emission array having at least one emission tip and a grid electrode having a grid opening disposed above the emission tip in a first direction. The device also comprises an integrated planar lens electrode for producing a focusing effect on electron beams emitted by the emission tip. The planar lens electrode has a lens edge disposed aside at a distance from the grid opening in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Preferably, the planar lens electrode is an integrated layer with the gated field emission array on a substrate. The grid electrode and the lens electrode can be on the same layer and separated by a gap of vacuum. The planar lens electrode can be above the grid electrode, separated by an insulative material. Similarly, the planar lens electrode can be below the grid electrode, and separated by an insulator material.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of joining two materials by single pulse electron radiation. The method comprises the step of disposing a first material layer adjacent to a second material layer such that an interface is disposed therebetween. Then there is the step of irradiating the interface with a pulsed electron beam such that energy of the pulsed electron beam is selectively deposited in a narrow spatial region and localized at the interface to produce an effective joint between the first and second material layers in a single pulse. Preferably, before the irradiating step, there is the step of calculating an optimum temperature profile across the interface depending on electron energy, beam current density and pulse length of the pulsed electron beam. The electron energy of the pulsed electron beam is preferably in the range of 100 keV to 10 MeV. The pulsed electron beam current density is preferably in the range of 1-1000 A/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for examining a body part. The apparatus comprises a mechanism for immobilizing and compressing the body part. The apparatus also comprises a mechanism for providing an internal anatomical image of the body part and a mechanism for detecting single gamma-rays emitted by a radiotracer infiltrated into the body part. The detecting mechanism is disposed in an adjacent relationship with the mechanism for providing an internal anatomic image so that the body part remains in the same position during and between anatomic and radiotracer imaging. In one embodiment, the detecting mechanism includes a detector module disposed on one side of the immobilizing mechanism. The detector module preferably has at least one array of gamma ray sensitive material in communication with a position detector. In another embodiment, the detecting mechanism includes a pair of detector modules disposed one on each side of the immobilizing mechanism.

Abstract: The present invention is based on a relatively simple mechanism which heretofore has not been tried before. The mechanism depends on modulation of a collimated beam transverse to the beam direction rather than the usual longitudinal modulation. Conversion of the transverse motion into longitudinal bunching in an output cavity is accomplished by means of the difference in path length in a bending magnet. Since the present invention does not depend on longitudinal modulation, it is suitable for pulsed superpower (1 GW) applications, but it can be equally suited for multi-megawatt cw applications. The present invention pertains to an apparatus for bunching relativistic electrons. The apparatus comprises means for imparting a periodic velocity in a first direction in a first region to electrons of an electron beam moving in a second direction.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for examining a body part of a patient. The apparatus is comprised of a first detector module for detecting radiotracer emissions from the body part and a second detector module for detecting radiotracer emissions from the body part. The first and second detector modules are disposed adjacent to each other with the body part disposed therebetween. The apparatus also comprises means for backprojecting detected coincident events with respect to the first and second detector modules onto a plurality of imaging planes between the first and second detecting modules. Preferably, the backprojecting means comprises means for defining a line between a point on the first sensor array and a point on the second sensor array associated with a coincident event and means for determining the intersection of the line with each imaging plane.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for examining a body part. The apparatus comprises a device for providing an anatomical image of the body part, such as an x-ray and a device for providing a physiological image of the body part in an adjacent relationship with said means for providing an anatomic image such that the body part remains in the same position during and between anatomic and physiological imaging. Preferably, the body part is infiltrated with a radiotracer and the device for providing a physiological image includes a device for detecting emissions of the radiotracers from the body part. In an alternative embodiment, the apparatus for examining a body part has a device for immobilizing the body part and a device for providing a physiological image of the body part. The providing device is in an adjacent relationship with the immobilizing means.