Abstract: An example antenna system includes a zig-zag antenna array. The zig-zag antenna array includes a stack of conductive disks and at least one crossed zig-zag antenna extending through the stack of conductive disks. The at least one crossed zig-zag antenna includes an element pair that includes a plurality of crossed zig-zag antenna segment pairs between the stack of conductive disks. A respective crossed zig-zag antenna segment pair extends between a respective lower conductive disk and a respective upper conductive disk. The example antenna system further includes a control circuit coupled to the element pair to switch the crossed zig-zag antenna segment pairs to drive the crossed zig-zag antenna segment pairs to transmit or receive radio frequency (RF) waves with polarization states that include vertical, horizontal, elliptical, or circular polarization.

Abstract: An example antenna system includes a plurality of dielectric rod stacks and a control circuit. The control circuit includes a plurality of independently controlled output circuit boards. Each independently controlled output circuit board includes a respective dielectric rod stack. The respective dielectric rod stack includes a plurality of respective dielectric rods. The control circuit selects: (i) the dielectric rod stacks, and (ii) the respective dielectric rods of the respective dielectric rod stack to adjust a beam of emitted or received radio frequency (RF) waves.

Abstract: An example antenna system includes a plurality of driven elements and at least one dielectric antenna array. The at least one dielectric antenna array include a central hub. Each driven element extends transversely through the central hub. The at least one dielectric antenna array further includes a plurality of dielectric rods extending outwards from the central hub. Each dielectric rod is driven by a respective one of the driven elements. The antenna system further includes a control circuit coupled to the at least one dielectric antenna array to switch the driven elements to drive one or more of the dielectric rods to transmit or receive radio frequency (RF) waves.