Abstract: The disclosure relates to an amphiphilic block copolymer comprising a first block consisting of a polymeric hydrophilic domain, wherein the polymeric hydrophilic domain consists of a polyglycerol; an optional second block consisting of a hydrophobic domain and a first linker domain, wherein the second block is covalently bound to the first block via the first linker domain, an optional third block consisting of a catechol domain and a second linker domain, wherein the third block is covalently bound to the first block via the second linker domain; and a fourth block consisting of a crosslinking domain and a third linker domain, wherein the fourth block is covalently bound to the first block via the third linker domain, wherein the crosslinking domain comprises a reactive residue enabling a crosslinking between individual molecules of the amphiphilic block copolymer.

Abstract: It is provided a pentafluorophosphate derivative according to general formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. Thereby, R1 and R2 denote independently from each other H or F; R3 denotes H, a C1-C10 alkyl optionally substituted by a hydrocarbon chain comprising an amide function and/or a carboxyl function, or by a substituent chosen from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylamino, alkylaminocarboxy, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, N-morpholino, N-morpholinoalkyl, N-morpholinocarbonyl, N-methyl-N-piperazinyl, N-methyl-N-piperazinylalkyl, N-methyl-N-piperazinylcarbonyl, and sulfo, an optionally substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted C6-C20 aryl, wherein a hydrocarbon chain of the alkyl, the cycloalkyl or the aryl can be interrupted by one or more oxygen, sulfur and/or nitrogen atoms; and M denotes any cation; with the proviso that at least one of R1 and R2 denotes F, if R3 denotes H.

Abstract: It is provided a method for manufacturing a hyperbranched polyester polyol derivative, comprising the following steps: a) reacting only glycidol and ?-caprolactone at a temperature lying in a range of between 40° C. and 140° C. to obtain a hyperbranched polyester polyol in which caprolactone residues are randomly arranged; b) reacting the hyperbranched polyester polyol of step a) with a sulfation reagent to obtain a sulfated hyperbranched polyester polyol as hyperbranched polyester polyol derivative.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates a method for determining hydraulic permeability of rocks in a subsurface region, the method comprising: in-situ measuring and/or calculating at least one of independent seismic velocities of rocks at different locations in said subsurface region; determining at least one lithological unit in said subsurface region based on the measured seismic velocities; for the at least one lithological unit, acquiring at least one rock sample at an at least one location of said subsurface region; measuring the rock-sample porosity and permeability as functions of stress; measuring and/or calculating of at least one of independent seismic velocities of said at least one rock sample as functions of stress; computing the stiff and compliant porosity of said at least one rock sample; computing numerical coefficients of a given analytical permeability model based on the stiff and compliant porosities; computing coefficients of a given analytical model of an elastic-compliance cha

Abstract: It is provided a diblock copolymer consisting of a first block, a second block, and a linker, wherein the second block is covalently bound to the first block by the linker. Thereby, the first block is a glycerol block comprising 1 to 10 glycerol subunits that are optionally substituted, and the second block is a superhydrophobic block comprising a perfluoroether residue having at least 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the novel use of saponins having acetyl residues on one of their sugar residues. These saponins are able to enhance the transfection efficiency to a surprisingly much higher extent than already known saponins and even than Lipofectamin.

Abstract: It is provided a polyglycerol derivative, comprising a dendritic polyglycerol backbone and at least one substituent in the nature of a covalently bound negatively charged group chosen from the group consisting of sulfates, sulfonates, phosphates, phosphonates, bisphosphonates, carboxylates and combinations thereof. The substituent is bound to the polyglycerol backbone via a linker, the linker being chosen from the group consisting of moieties being or comprising a carbamate group, an ester group, an orthoester group, an amide group, a disulfide bridge group, an acetal group, an imine group and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method for the infrared-light-induced yield optimization of chemical reactions is provided. An energy input into at least one starting material that is subjected to a chemical reaction takes place by means of infrared light pulses having a mean wavelength in the range of 2000 to 100000 nm. The chemical reaction here is a reaction in which a product, the molecular formula of which does not correspond to the molecular formula of the starting material, is formed and wherein the yield optimization for the most part is not based on a thermal heating of the starting material. The infrared light pulses have a fixed wavelength and the energy input into the starting material takes place by means of vibration excitation by a one-photon process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining in an expedient manner and with minimal sample consumption the structure of an unknown carbohydrate by using ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in negative ionization mode and fragmentation and a database containing structures of carbohydrates and/or of the fragments of the negative ions of carbohydrates, and for each of the structures of the target carbohydrates the collision cross section value and the mass-to-charge ratio value of the negative ion thereof, and for each of the structures of the fragments of the negative ions of the target carbohydrates the collision cross section value and the mass-to-charge ratio value of the fragment of the negative ion of the target carbohydrate.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an amphiphilic block copolymer comprising a first block consisting of a polymeric hydrophilic domain, wherein the polymeric hydrophilic domain consists of a polyglycerol; an optional second block consisting of a hydrophobic domain and a first linker domain, wherein the second block is covalently bound to the first block via the first linker domain, an optional third block consisting of a catechol domain and a second linker domain, wherein the third block is covalently bound to the first block via the second linker domain; and a fourth block consisting of a crosslinking domain and a third linker domain, wherein the fourth block is covalently bound to the first block via the third linker domain, wherein the crosslinking domain comprises a reactive residue enabling a crosslinking between individual molecules of the amphiphilic block copolymer.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for providing original data that can be used for subsequently determining the function of an organ of a living organism or for subsequently diagnosing a disease or a severity of a disease of an organ of a living organism. This method is characterized by several steps, one of which is administering a marker substance to a living organism by inhalation, wherein the marker substance has a vapor pressure above 0.01 mmHg at 37° C. In other method steps, the concentration of this marker substance in exhaled air is determined at at least two different time points. Then, a difference in marker substance concentration is calculated.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for producing a fluorinated alkene, in particular X1n—CFmCF?CH2 comprising the steps of a) providing a at least one fluorinated alkene of the general formula (I) X1n—CFmCF?CF2, wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3; X1 is H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkyl, m is 1, 2 or 3, preferably 2 or 3, in at least one donor solvent; b) adding at least one reducing agent selected from the group of organic aluminum hydrides (alanes), gallium hydrides (gallanes) or boron hydrides (boranes); and c) reacting the mixture of the fluorinated alkene according to formula (I) and the at least one reducing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining in an expedient manner and with minimal sample consumption the structure of an unknown carbohydrate by using ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) in negative ionization mode and fragmentation and a database containing structures of carbohydrates and/or of the fragments of the negative ions of carbohydrates, and for each of the structures of the target carbohydrates the collision cross section value and the mass-to-charge ratio value of the negative ion thereof, and for each of the structures of the fragments of the negative ions of the target carbohydrates the collision cross section value and the mass-to-charge ratio value of the fragment of the negative ion of the target carbohydrate.

Abstract: An article, comprising a substrate and a polymer film attached to the substrate is provided, the polymer film comprising a first layer of a first polymer functionalized by a first functionalization compound covalently bound to said first polymer and bearing at least one catecholic group being present on a surface of the first layer. The polymer film is a layered film, a top layer of which is formed by the first layer, the layered film comprising at least one further layer of at least one further polymer functionalized by a further functionalization compound covalently bound to said further polymer and bearing at least one catecholic group being present on a surface of the at least one further layer, wherein an average ratio of catecholic groups per polymer molecule is equal to or less than 1 in case of the first polymer and greater than 1 in case of the further polymer.

Abstract: It is provided a nanogel compound comprising a) a nanogel matrix component chosen from the group consisting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide), poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide), poly(N-ethylmethacrylamide), polyglycerol, polyglycerol derivatives and combinations thereof and b) a first or second conjugation component which forms an interpenetrating or semi-interpenetrating network with the nanogel matrix component. Thereby, the first conjugation component is a charged component chosen from the group consisting of acids, methacrylates, methacrylamides, acrylamides and combinations thereof and the second conjugation component is a conjugated polymer chosen from the group consisting of polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly(N—(C1-C10)alkyl aniline), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), 2-ethylhexylcyclopentadithiophene-co-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, 2-ethylhexylcyclopentadithiophene-co-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: It is provided a polyglycerol derivative, comprising a dendritic polyglycerol backbone and at least one substituent in the nature of a covalently bound negatively charged group chosen from the group consisting of sulfates, sulfonates, phosphates, phosphonates, bisphosphonates, carboxylates and combinations thereof. The substituent is bound to the polyglycerol backbone via a linker, the linker being chosen from the group consisting of moieties being or comprising a carbamate group, an ester group, an orthoester group, an amide group, a disulfide bridge group, an acetal group, an imine group and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Biologically active compounds that can be used as photosensitizers for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, particularly for PDT of cancer, infections and other hyperproliferative diseases, fluorescence diagnosis and PDT treatment of a non-tumorous indication such as arthritis, inflammatory diseases, viral or bacterial infections, dermatological, opthamological or urological disorders are provided as well as providing methods to obtain them in pharmaceutical quality. One embodiment consists of a method to synthesize a porphyrin with a defined arrangement of meso-substituents and then converting this porphyrin system to a chlorin system by dihydroxylation or reduction, and if more than one isomer is formed separate them by chromatography either on normal or reversed phase silica. In another embodiment the substituents on the porphyrin are selected to direct the reduction or dihydroxylation to the chlorin so that a certain isomer is selectively formed.

Abstract: A method for producing a polyglycerol nanogel is disclosed, the method comprising the following steps: Mixing an aqueous solution of first polyglycerol macromonomers, which are modified with a first reactive group, with an aqueous solution of second polyglycerol macromonomers, which are modified with a second reactive group, wherein the first reactive group and the second reactive group can react with each other forming a chemical bond; transferring the mixture into an organic non-solvent; and precipitation of a polyglycerol nanogel consisting of first polyglycerol macromonomers and second polyglycerol macromonomers which are covalently bound to each other. According to an aspect of the invention, the method is characterized in that the organic non-solvent is miscible with water and in that the method is carried out without adding surface-active substances.

Abstract: Provided are feed supplements for the alleviation of gastrointestinal tract disorders and associated systemic disorders in ruminants, methods for producing feed supplements and feeds and feed additives containing such feed supplements. Furthermore, medicaments for the treatment of diseases which are associated with disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly rumen acidosis and parturient paresis, are specified.

Abstract: A method for polymerizing monomer units and/or oligomer units is disclosed. Said method is characterized in that the energy required for polymerization is introduced into the monomer units and/or oligomer units to be polymerized by means of infrared light pulses, wherein the infrared light pulses have a wavelength of 2500 to 20000 nm, an intensity of more than 1014 W/m2, a duration of more than 8 fs and less than 3 ps and a substantially linear polarization.