Abstract: An atomic beam tube provides a single sealed envelope structure that serves both as vacuum envelope and as structural member to which the operative components are attached. The envelope is composed of a heavy and relatively rigid frame and a relatively thin and flexible cover sealed to the frame. The operative elements are separately assembled in independent subassembly units which are secured to the frame at a minimum of locations to provide fixed alignment and thermal isolation of the operative elements, and easy disassembly of the tube.