Abstract: New thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine copolymers are prepared by reacting 5,7-functionalized thieno[3,4-b]pyrazines with substituted aromatics in the presence of solvents, bases and polymerization catalysts, the copolymers thus prepared being employed preferably in the production of photovoltaic cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical fiber as an optical waveguide for the single-mode operation. The present invention proposes a fiber having a microstructure, by which the propagation of modes of a higher order are selectively suppressed in the optical waveguide. At the same time, the propagation of transversal modes of a higher order is dampened more strongly than the propagation of the fundamental modes of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (12) and to a method for amplifying light impulses (13). The device comprises a stretcher (15) stretching the light impulses over time, at least one amplifier (16) amplifying the stretched light impulses, and a compressor (17) compressing the stretched and amplified light impulses, wherein the amplifier (16) applies a non-linear phase generated by self-phase modulation to the stretched light impulses. In order to provide a device and a method for amplifying light impulses, by means of which light impulses having higher light impulse quality and light impulse peak power can be generated, the invention proposes that means for spectrally shaping the light impulses are disposed ahead of the amplifier (16) in the beam path, wherein the means for spectrally shaping the light impulses bring about a spectral trimming of the light impulses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device (1, 11) for amplifying light pulses (2, 12), the device comprised of a stretcher (4, 14) which temporally stretches the light pulses (2, 12), and comprised of at least one amplifier (5, 15) which amplifies the stretched light pulses (2, 12), and comprised of a compressor (6, 16) which recompresses the stretched and amplified light pulses (2, 12), the stretcher (4, 14) and the compressor (6, 16) being dispersive elements with essentially oppositely identical dispersion. To provide a device (1, 11) for amplifying light pulses (2, 12) which is of a compact setup and which can be flexibly applied, the present invention proposes that the dispersion of the amplifier (5, 15), the dispersion of further optical elements of the device (1) and/or a mismatch of dispersion of the stretcher (4, 14) and compressor (6, 16) are at least partly compensated by self-phase modulation of the light pulses (2, 12) and/or by at least one additional element (17) of variable dispersion.

Abstract: An optical element is provided with a fog reducing polymer layer. A reflection reducing nanostructure is formed on the surface of the fog reducing polymer layer.

Abstract: A device and a method for non-contact recording of spatial coordinates of a surface includes a sensor head and a controller connected to the sensor head. The sensor head is designed as a portable hand-held device, a projector and two cameras. The controller is also designed as a portable device, with an electrochemical energy source housed in the controller or in the sensor head for power supply to the sensor head and the controller and no cable connection of the sensor head or the controller is provided to further stationary components of the device.

Abstract: Biologically active molecules are inactivated for selective activation by target cells by being covalently bonded to one or more peptides each of which has one or more specific amino acid sequences that are selected in respect of enzymes cell-specific for target cells. The bonds, which are broken exclusively by the enzymes cell-specific for the target cells in order to biologically activate the molecules, allow the molecules to remain biologically inactive in cells other than the target cells. The molecules are used for influencing gene expression of preferably sick and infected organs or cells, for example.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaving cervimycin esters. An object of the invention to convert in a simple manner the cervimycin esters which are less active but formed in larger quantity into the highly active cervimycin K that occurs as a minor component in the preparation by fermentation, is achieved by preparing unesterified cervimycins from cervimycin esters with di- or monomethylated malonic acids, by ester cleavage effected by at least one esterolytic enzyme at temperatures of 20° C. to 75° C. and a pH of pH 5.0 to 10.0, preferably pH 6.0 to 9.0.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining fluorophores on objects, especially on the living ocular fundus, which makes it possible to reliably distinguish at least partially overlapping fluorophores of objects in excitation and/or fluorescence spectra even if fluorescence intensities are very low and to select them for analysis, and optionally create a two-dimensional representation. The object (4), e.g., the ocular fundus for ophthalmological examinations, is illuminated point to point with a pulsed laser (1) and excited to autofluorescence with two-dimensional extension. The transient fluorescence light created after excitation by each laser pulse is detected in time-correlated individual photon counting (11). From the time behavior of the fluorescence light determined by individual photon counting for each site of autofluorescence, the fluorescence decay time constants are calculated, and conclusions are drawn therefrom regarding the excited fluorophores in the object (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to inorganic-organic compound substances useful for biomedical purposes. The object of the invention is to develop inorganic-organic compound materials which overcome the disadvantages of the state of art, wherein inorganic-organic compound substances for biomedical purposes possess to a large extent specifically adjustable characteristics. Inorganic initial substances form a new solid chemical compound with organic initial substances. The inorganic initial component consists of a biocompatible silicate glass and/or a silicate glass ceramic of the system SiO.sub.2 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -MgO-Na.sub.2 O/K.sub.2 O-F.sup.-, and/or a bioactive phosphate silicate glass and/or a phosphate silicate glass ceramic of the system SiO.sub.2 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -MgO-Na.sub.2 O/K.sub.2 O-CaO-P.sub.2 O.sub.5 F.sup.- and/or of the system SiO.sub.2 -MgO-K.sub.2 O-F.sup.- -CaO-P.sub.2 O.sub.5, and/or a bioactive phosphate glass and/or a phosphate glass ceramic of the system P.sub.2 O.sub.5 -Al.sub.2 O.sub.