Abstract: Provided is a vapor deposition method in which a deposition rate can be kept constant, it is not needed to unnecessarily increase a container temperature for improving a deposition rate, and vapor deposition of even a powder material that is easily thermally decomposed can be performed at a desired deposition rate, in vacuum vapor deposition using a powder material. The method is provided by using a container including an accommodating portion configured to accommodate the powder material and at least one opening for releasing vapor of the powder material from the accommodating portion, to perform the vacuum vapor deposition of the powder material by heating the container, in which, in a case where an area of an inner surface of the accommodating portion is S and a total area of the opening is O, a ratio of the total area O of the opening to the area S of the inner surface is 0.06% to 2% as a percentage of O/S.

Abstract: The projection zoom lens essentially consists of a positive first lens group fixed while changing magnification and the second lens group through the fourth lens group which move while changing magnification, and a fifth lens group fixed while changing magnification; and an aperture stop positioned between adjacent moving lens groups or within one moving lens group, wherein the numerical number of the zoom lens is set to be constant over the entire zoom range, the reduction side is configured to be telecentric, and the projection zoom lens satisfies conditional formulas (4) and (5): 2.0<Bf/Im???(4) L/Im?<12??(5), where, Bf: the back focus (air converted length) at the reduction side of the entire system at the wide angle end, Im?: the maximum effective image circle diameter, and L: the distance between the most-magnification-side lens surface and the most-reduction-side lens surface along the optical axis when the projection distance is infinite.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device, which has, between a pair of electrodes, at least one organic layer including a light-emitting layer, in which the organic layer contains a specific tetraphenylene compound, and in which the light-emitting layer contains a phosphorescent material; and a specific tetraphenylene compound that can be used in the device.

Abstract: In an image taking system, when a running image is to be taken by the use of a self-timer or an automatic image taking system, exposure conditions and a focusing position are determined according to result of detection of the predetermined objective body at least once between the time when instruction to take a running image is done and the time when the running image is actually taken.

Abstract: A transparent light guide member comprising a first light guide unit in the form of a transparent plate having a rectangular light emitting plane and a parallel groove formed on a rear surface located opposite from the rectangular light emitting plane and parallel to one side of the rectangular light emitting plane; and a second light guide unit, which is transparent, having a columnar external shape to be accommodated in the parallel groove and containing light-scattering particles. Let ? be the scattering cross section of the particles, LG the length of the light guide unit 32 in the direction in which light propagates, Np the particle density, and KC a compensation coefficient, then a value ?·LG·Np·KC the light guide member assumes is not smaller than 1.1 and not greater than 8.2, and the compensation coefficient KC is not smaller than 0.005 and not greater than 0.1.

Abstract: First, second and third dopes (114, 115 and 116) containing a solid electrolyte are co-cast from a casting die (89) onto a running belt (82). The casting die (89) is provided with a feed block (119). A catalyst that promotes a redox reaction of electrodes in a fuel cell is added to the first dope (114) and the third dope (116). A casting membrane (112) having a three-layer structure is peeled from the belt (82) as a three-layered membrane (62) and sent to a tenter drier (64). In the tenter drier (64), the membrane (62) is dried in a state that both side edges thereof are held by clips, while stretched so as to have a predetermined width. The membrane (62) is then sent to a drying chamber (69) and the drying thereof is proceeded while supported by rollers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell of bend alignment mode or hybrid alignment mode should be optically compensated suitably enough to display an image of high contrast. In the displayed image, change of hue is little, and no inversion of gradation is observed. In a liquid crystal display having a liquid crystal cell of bend alignment mode and a pair of polarizing plates, one of the polarizing plates comprises a polarizing membrane and two optically anisotropic layers. A first optically anisotropic layer is made from discotic compounds oriented in hybrid alignment, and is placed so that a direction giving the maximum refractive index in plane may be essentially at 45° to a transmission axis in plane of the polarizing membrane. The second optically anisotropic layer consists of a cellulose ester film, and is placed so that a direction giving the maximum refractive index in plane may be essentially parallel or perpendicular to a transmission axis in plane of the polarizing membrane.

Abstract: A thermal developing apparatus for visualizing a latent image recorded on a photosensitive thermal developing recording material by heating the photosensitive thermal developing recording material with heating unit while conveying the photosensitive thermal developing recording material with conveying unit along a conveying path having the heating unit equipped therewith, the thermal developing apparatus containing a manual feeding tray for manually feeding the exposed photosensitive thermal developing recording material into the thermal developing apparatus.