Abstract: A semiconductor device has first and second electrical terminals. The device comprises at least one n/p or p/n first junction adjacent the first terminal, and at least one of the other of a p/n or n/p second junction adjacent the second terminal. It also has at least one n/p or p/n junction disposed between the first and second junctions and arranged to be transverse thereto, and at least one gate terminal in contact with the p or n doped region of the first junction or the n or p doped region of the second junction.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided which includes a first conductivity type semiconductor substrate, a second conductivity type Zener region formed in a surface layer of the first conductivity type semiconductor substrate, a first conductivity type anode region formed within the second conductivity type Zener region, an anode electrode which is formed in contact with both of the semiconductor substrate and first conductivity type anode region and is grounded, and a cathode electrode formed on a surface of the second conductivity type Zener region and connected to input and output terminals. A diode that consists of the first conductivity type semiconductor substrate and the second conductivity type Zener region and a diode that consists of the first conductivity type anode region and the second conductivity type Zener region serve as protective elements for preventing electrostatic breakdown of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A noise-cut filter device for a power converter, including at least one noise-cut filter, for filtering switching noise occurring upon a switching operation of a semiconductor switching device of the power converter is disclosed. In this filter device, the noise-cut filter includes first and second planar conductors, and a dielectric sheet having upper and lower surfaces on which the first and second conductors are disposed to face each other through the dielectric sheet. The first and second planar conductors cooperate with the dielectric sheet to form a circuit having both functions of an inductor and a condenser. The current of a main circuit of the power converter flows through the opposite ends of the first planar conductor, while the current based on the switching noise, which flows from the first conductor to the second conductor, is led to ground by the second conductor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process includes providing an organic photoconductor comprised of a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer containing a poly(alkanedioic acid 2,6-dimethoxyanthracene-9,10-diol ester) resin formed on a conductive substrate, and having a half decay exposure; and eliminating static from the organic photoconductor by illuminating the organic photoconductor with a static elimination light having a wavelength ranging from 520 to 680 nm and with a dose of the static elimination light which ranges from 3 to 10 times the half decay exposure of the organic photoconductor. Preferably, the wavelength of the static elimination light ranges from 550 to 650 nm.

Abstract: The invention improves the withstand voltage and avalanche withstand capability of a MOSFET, by preventing avalanche currents from localizing to the corners of the quadrangular cells of a MOSFET. The MOSFET includes a square channel region of the second conductivity type formed in a surface layer of a semiconductor substrate of the first conductivity type, a well region of high impurity concentration formed in the central portion of the channel region, a source region of the first conductivity type formed in a surface layer of the well region, and a MOS structure formed on the surface of the above described constituents. The cell structure, in which a diagonal of the square channel region and a diagonal of the nearest neighboring channel regions lie on a line, narrows a spacing between the corners of the neighboring channel regions to encourage pinch-off of a depletion layer and suppresses localization of avalanche currents to the corners of the channel regions.

Abstract: A driving device controls a permanent-magnet synchronous motor having a permanent magnet in its rotor using a voltage-type inverter supplying drive power for the synchronous motor, makes the torque of the synchronous motor and the d-axis current flowing in the synchronous motor in the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet approach their own command values, and performs weakening field control by decreasing the d-axis current. To perform the above described control without complicated d-axis current command value operations or temperature amendments to motor constants, the driving device includes a proportional controller for outputting a d-axis signal proportional to the deviation between a d-axis current detection value and a d-axis current command value for the motor.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a thin-film EL device utilizes a Zn-Mn target that contains less Mn than the optimum Mn concentration on the basis of the finding that the light-emitting layer grown by the sputtering method contains more Mn than in the target. Manganese concentration on the target surface layer is controlled by changing the area ratio between ZnS and Mn exposed on the surface of the target. Manganese concentration on the target surface is controlled at preferably from 0.3 to 0.4 wt % when the target surface is sulfurized during sputtering and less than 0.1 wt % when the target surface is not sulfurized.

Abstract: A dielectrics dividing wafer, and a method of manufacturing the wafer, is disclosed in which embedded dielectric films are provided in the interior of the wafer in a predetermined pattern extending laterally parallel to a face surface of the wafer, and partition dielectric films, in the form of vertical walls extending from the face surface and the rear surface of the wafer, to the embedded dielectric films, are provided to define semiconductor areas extending continuously from the face surface of the wafer to the rear surface of the wafer. The semiconductor areas can be used for vertical circuit elements. The partition dielectric films in conjunction with the embedded dielectric films and the face surface of the wafer also define additional planar semiconductor areas that can be used for planar structure circuit elements.

Abstract: A dielectrics dividing wafer is disclosed in which embedded dielectric films are provided in the interior of the wafer in a predetermined pattern extending laterally parallel to a face surface of the wafer, and partition dielectric films, in the form of vertical walls extending from the face surface and the rear surface of the wafer, to the embedded dielectric films, are provided to define semiconductor areas extending continuously from the face surface of the wafer to the rear surface of the wafer. The semiconductor areas can be used for vertical circuit elements. The partition dielectric films in conjunction with the embedded dielectric films and the face surface of the wafer also define additional planar semiconductor areas that can be used for planar structure circuit elements.

Abstract: A head position controller for a disc storage unit comprises a plurality of disc surfaces, and a plurality of read/write heads corresponding to the disc surfaces. Servo information is written into at least two disc surfaces. This controller comprises a selector for selecting one read/write head which can read the servo information written on a disc surface which is the closest to a read/write head to be selected as a head for reading out/writing recording information in accordance with specific bits in a head selection command, a detector for detecting an off-track amount in accordance with the readout servo information, and a circuit for correcting a position of read/write heads in accordance with the detected off-track amount.

Abstract: A solar cell module and method of manufacture in which the cell has a transparent substrate, an overlying transparent electrode, a layer of amorphous silicon and a metal electrode. Adjacent cells are connected in series by using a laser to divide the transparent electrode into strips and similarly dividing the metal electrode into overlying strips to define gaps between adjacent strips, with the layer of amorphous silicon lying across the gaps. That overlying portion is then crystallized by a laser beam so as to form a connection between the transparent electrode of one strip and the metal electrode of an adjacent strip.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for encoding an image of an object into a binary signal involve the measurement of a preliminary view of the object in order to extract peak optical density information. That peak optical density information is then used to set the thresholds used for comparisons with video signals of the object to encode those video signals as binary signals. The methods and apparatus are also able to detect the offset of the object in the field of view from a standard position and to adjust the images of the objects being measured so that a predetermined "window" of the object is always being viewed.

Abstract: In a focus detection system in which light from an object is incident on at least two photosensor arrays via an optical system to form two images on the photosensor arrays, the relative displacement between the two images is determined in order to detect whether the optical system is in focus or not. A correction term which is formed by f(i.sub.0 +2) and f(i.sub.0 +1) or f(i.sub.0 -2) and f(i.sub.0 -1) is added to f(i.sub.0-1)-f(i.sub.0) or f(i.sub.0 +1)-f(i.sub.0), so that the amount of image deviation between the two images is obtained. Here i.sub.0 is the value of i when a function f(i) is minimized, the function f(i) expressing the inconsistency between the two images, corresponding to an amount of relative displacement i.times.p between the two images obtained discretely. The symbol p represents the pitch of the at least two photosensor arrays.

Abstract: In a system for detecting a reference track on a disc for a disc storage unit, servo information for detecting an off-track amount of a position of a read/write head relative to the track is written on the disc surface. The servo information is formed by a repetition of simple patterns. A pattern of servo information for a reference track among those patterns is written at a frequency different from that for ordinary tracks. The write-in frequencies of the patterns for ordinary and reference tracks are discriminated from each other in accordance with the signals obtained by reading out the servo information written onto the tracks from the read/write head. When the write-in frequency for a reference track is discriminated, it is detected that the head is on the reference track. A reference track can be detected without having recourse to a particular sensor and a circuit attached thereto.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive material is disclosed, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive material comprises a photosensitive layer containing at least one thiophene compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having the general formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, and R.sup.21, R.sup.22, R.sup.23, R.sup.24, R.sup.25 ; and R.sup.26 each represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an allyl group, a vinyl group, an acyl group, a formylalkyl group, an acyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an alkylamino group or an arylamino group and n is an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive material is disclosed, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive material comprises a photosensitive layer containing at least one hydrazone compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having the general formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen or halogen atom or an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a nitro group, an acyl group or an amino group and R2 and R3 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; ##STR2## wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group and X is a group of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sup.6 to R.sup.

Abstract: A solar battery for a time piece comprises an insulated substrate; a plurality of generating regions arranged in a circular pattern around a single point on the insulated substrate, each region including a non-crystalline semiconductor film, and upper and lower electrodes on opposite sides of the film; and connecting layers for reducing the power loss of the battery, including overlapping side areas at surfaces between adjacent regions and overlapping perimeter areas at surfaces on the perimeter of adjacent regions, for joining the upper and lower electrodes of adjacent regions, respectively.

Abstract: An ink jet recording head in which the ink in an ink cavity is jetted in the form of a droplet from an ink nozzle by utilizing a piezo-electric effect. The recording head includes a piezo-electric plate made of piezo-electric material and having a plurality of elongated ink cavities formed therein, and a cover plate fixedly placed on the piezo-electric plate. The cover plate has a plurality of ink supplying inlets in the region of the nozzles.

Abstract: A monitoring system for a serial transmission line which analyzes serial data received from a serial transmission line on the basis of a protocol or a data format for serial transmission and converts the serial data into display data, thereby monitoring the serial data. The system converts all or a portion of the data being displayed in one coding format and displays the fresh display data (for example, data displayed in HEX coding is converted and displayed in ASCII coding).

Abstract: A plurality of reference information regions on disc surfaces are displaced from each other on respective disc surfaces with respect to spatial relative positions of heads corresponding to respective disc surfaces. During one rotation of the discs, reference information is read out from the regions mutually displaced on the surfaces of a plurality of discs. Every time that the reference information is read out, a deviation of each head from a normal or proper head position in relation to a specific track is detected, so that in response to a deviation thus detected, a position of each head is corrected.