Abstract: A method for preparing an aqueous solution of a defined pH comprising an acid, a base and optionally one or more additives is provided.

Abstract: A method of concentration of a liquid comprising a biomolecule is provided. The method comprises passing the liquid through a tangential flow filtration device under pressure, wherein the pressure applied is varied between at least a higher pressure and a lower pressure. Preferably, the variation in pressure is delivered by the use of a variable flow-controller, such as a valve.

Abstract: A protein expression system for use in a prokaryotic host is provided, the expression system comprising: a) an expression cassette comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein of interest operably linked to a T7 RNA polymerase-dependent promoter; and b) an expression cassette comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding T7 RNA polymerase operably linked to a host polymerase-dependent ? phage promoter and a single perfect palindrome operator sequence; wherein the expression cassette for T7 RNA polymerase is located on the chromosome of a host cell.

Abstract: Apparatus for in-line liquid exchanging a biomolecule-containing liquid is provided. The apparatus comprises a means for mixing at least two liquids comprising a multiple inlet flow-controller, the means for mixing also comprising an outlet in fluid connection with a tangential flow filtration device configured in single-pass mode.

Abstract: A process for the production of a target polypeptide is provided. The process comprises expression of an expression vector for expressing a target polypeptide in a host cell, preferably a mammalian cell, the expression vector comprising an expression cassette comprising a polynucleotide encoding a recombinant polypeptide operably linked to a fibronectin secretion leader sequence; and recovering the target polypeptide.

Abstract: A process for the production of a target polypeptide is provided. The process comprises expression of an expression vector for expressing a target polypeptide in a host cell, preferably a mammalian cell, the expression vector comprising an expression cassette comprising a polynucleotide encoding a recombinant polypeptide operably linked to a fibronectin secretion leader sequence; and recovering the target polypeptide.

Abstract: A perfect palindrome operator sequence-based protein expression system is provided. The expression system comprises a promoter; and a perfect palindrome operator sequence, wherein the promoter is not T7. The expression system is preferably employed for the production of recombinant proteins by fermentation.

Abstract: A perfect palindrome operator sequence-based protein expression system is provided. The expression system comprises a promoter; and a perfect palindrome operator sequence, wherein the promoter is not T7. The expression system is preferably employed for the production of recombinant proteins by fermentation.

Abstract: A method of concentration of a liquid comprising a biomolecule is provided. The method comprises passing the liquid through a tangential flow filtration device under pressure, wherein the pressure applied is varied between at least a higher pressure and a lower pressure. Preferably, the variation in pressure is delivered by the use of a variable flow-controller, such as a valve.

Abstract: Apparatus for in-line liquid exchanging a biomolecule-containing liquid is provided. The apparatus comprises a means (3) for mixing at least two liquids comprising a multiple inlet flow-controller (2), the means for mixing also comprising an outlet in fluid connection with a tangential flow filtration device (1) configured in single-pass mode.

Abstract: A process for the production of a target recombinant polypeptide is provided. The process comprises expressing an expression cassette encoding the target polypeptide and co-expressing an expression cassette encoding a mitochondrial foldase. Preferred mitochondrial foldases include Mia 40 and Erv1, and homologs thereof.

Abstract: A method of concentration of a liquid comprising a biomolecule is provided. The method comprises passing the liquid through a tangential flow filtration device under pressure, wherein the pressure applied is varied between at least a higher pressure and a lower pressure. Preferably, the variation in pressure is delivered by the use of a variable flow-controller, such as a valve.

Abstract: A process for the production of a target polypeptide is provided. The process comprises expression of an expression vector for expressing a target polypeptide in a host cell, preferably a mammalian cell, the expression vector comprising an expression cassette comprising a polynucleotide encoding a recombinant polypeptide operably linked to a fibronectin secretion leader sequence; and recovering the target polypeptide.

Abstract: An expression vector for expressing a target polypeptide in a prokaryotic cell is provided. The vector comprises a promoter operably linked to a polynucleotide encoding the target polypeptide operably linked to a eukaryotic secretion leader sequence, the eukaryotic secretion leader sequence encoding a signal peptide sequence selected from the group consisting of: a) MLKRSSWLATLGLLTVASVSTIVYA; b) MKKATFITCLLAVLLVSNPIWNA; c) MKVSAAALAVILIATALCAPASA; d) MKVSTAFLCLLLTVSAFSAQVLA; and e) MKCLLLALGLALACAAQA. Processes for expressing polypeptides and prokaryotic microorganisms comprising such vectors are also provided.

Abstract: A process for the production of a target polypeptide is provided. The process comprises expression of an expression vector for expressing a target polypeptide in a host cell, preferably a mammalian cell, the expression vector comprising an expression cassette comprising a polynucleotide encoding a recombinant polypeptide operably linked to a fibronectin secretion leader sequence; and recovering the target polypeptide.

Abstract: An expression vector for expressing a target polypeptide in a prokaryotic cell is provided. The vector comprises a promoter operably linked to a polynucleotide encoding the target polypeptide operably linked to a eukaryotic secretion leader sequence, the eukaryotic secretion leader sequence encoding a signal peptide sequence selected from the group consisting of: a) MLKRSSWLATLGLLTVASVSTIVYA; b) MKKATFITCLLAVLLVSNPIWNA; c) MKVSAAALAVILIATALCAPASA; d) MKVSTAFLCLLLTVSAFSAQVLA; and e) MKCLLLALGLALACAAQA. Processes for expressing polypeptides and prokaryotic microorganisms comprising such vectors are also provided.

Abstract: A perfect palindrome operator sequence-based protein expression system is provided. The expression system comprises a promoter; and a perfect palindrome operator sequence, wherein the promoter is not T7. The expression system is preferably employed for the production of recombinant proteins by fermentation.

Abstract: A process for the production of a target recombinant polypeptide is provided. The process comprises expressing a vector comprising a promoter operatively linked to an expression cassette for the target recombinant polypeptide; and a perfect palindrome operator sequence in a culture medium, wherein the culture medium is substantially free from antibiotic.

Abstract: A process for purification of a fragment antibody from a culture medium also comprising at least one impurity is provided. The purification is carried out after the pH of the culture medium has been reduced to a pH at which the fragment antibody is soluble, but one or more of the impurities are insoluble. A process for the preparation of a fragment antibody employing such a purification process is also provided.

Abstract: A process for the production of a target polypeptide is provided. The process comprises expression of an expression vector for expressing a target polypeptide in a host cell, preferably a mammalian cell, the expression vector comprising an expression cassette comprising a polynucleotide encoding a recombinant polypeptide operably linked to a fibronectin secretion leader sequence; and recovering the target polypeptide.