Abstract: This fiber laser is provided with: a signal light source that outputs a signal light; a rare earth-doped fiber that amplifies and outputs the signal light from the signal light source; a Raman amplifying fiber that is routed as a portion of an optical transmission path in order to output the output light from the rare earth-doped fiber to an outside thereof; and a wavelength selecting element that is provided in the optical transmission path from the Raman amplifying fiber to the signal light source and does not allow transmission of a Stokes light that is generated in the Raman amplifying fiber.

Abstract: A porcelain enamel substrate (1) mounts a light emitting element in which a porcelain enamel layer (5) is coated onto a surface of a core metal (4), and a reflective cup portion (7) that has a flat bottom surface and a sloping portion that surrounds this bottom surface is provided on a light emitting element mounting surface, and an electrode (6) for energizing a light emitting element (3) is provided on the light emitting element mounting surface, and the thickness of the electrode (6) within the reflective cup portion (7) is within a range of 5 ?m to 100 ?m.

Abstract: An optical connector is comprised of a main body and a wall formed in the main body and having a wall face which has guiding slots curving at an angle of about 90 degrees or one or more optical fiber holes. Optical fibers inserted into the main body along the lateral direction are made curved by the guiding slots or the optical fiber holes toward photoelectric devices disposed on an upper or lower face thereof.

Abstract: A wiring substrate is provided with a substrate, a conductive circuit formed on a surface of the substrate, and an insulating layer which covers the conductive circuit. In a fitting portion of the wiring substrate, the insulating layer is formed with an opening portion through which a portion of the conductive circuit is exposed or displayed as an exposed surface. On the exposed surface of the conductive circuit, an electrode layer is formed which is made of a conductive member. A bottom surface of the electrode layer is connected to the conductive circuit. An upper surface of the electrode layer is extended in the widthwise direction W of wirings of the conductive circuit so as to cover even a part of the insulating layer.

Abstract: An optical fiber, an optical fiber device, and an optical fiber bundle, which are applied to an organic tubular tissue, for the medical application for removing a thrombus part deposited on an internal wall of tubular tissue are provided. The optical fiber (20) which can be inserted in a tubular tissue (15) in an organism comprises a glass core layer (11), a covering core layer (12) which covers the glass core layer (11), and a cladding layer (13) which covers the covering core layer (12) and includes a plurality of apertural areas (23) in a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber (20). The width of the apertural area (23) in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber (20) is narrowly formed in an entrance part of the optical fiber (20), and is widely formed as to be distanced in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber (20) from the entrance part. The optical fiber device applies such the optical fiber. The optical fiber bundle bundles a plurality of such the optical fibers.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a polycrystalline thin film which includes an intermediate layer that is made thinner while keeping high crystal orientation so as to prevent warpage of a substrate resulting from internal stress of the film. A polycrystalline thin film according to the invention includes an intermediate layer formed by a first layer and a second layer laminated in this order and provided on a metal substrate. The first layer has a rock-salt crystal structure and the second layer has a fluorite crystal structure.

Abstract: A closure for cable connection which is capable of preventing deformation thereof, facilitating incorporation and setting of a cable therein, exhibiting increased safety and airtightness, and attaining sleeve assembling and cable connection with improved workability. A sleeve is provided therein with a cable connection mechanism including a cable clamp, a tension member holder, and a fiber cable storage casing in which a fiber connection section of cable fibers and an excessive fiber are received. The sleeve is provided on upper and lower portions of an inner surface thereof with connection fitment mounting sections, on which a frame-like connection fitment for mounting the cable connection mechanism thereon is detachably fittedly fixed.