Abstract: A toner image transferring device is used to electrostatically transfer a charged toner image from a roller to a sheet of paper. The device includes a transfer charger for giving the paper an electric charge. A charge eliminator is located next to the roller for partially eliminating the electric charge from the paper. The charge eliminator is positioned to be adjacent to the paper and the roller, but displaced from the transfer charger. Paper passes through the device such that the paper is in contact with the roller when passing over the transfer charger, thereby optimizing the transfer of the toner image from the roller to the paper.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transferring digital data is herein disclosed using a central processing unit and a direct memory access controller. Based on the control of the central processing unit, a direct memory access controller counts the number of words stored in a memory device by determining the number and position of the bytes contained in the words comprising the data to be transferred.

Abstract: A thin film transistor matrix device comprises a transparent insulating substrate, a thin film transistor unit, a picture element unit, a storage capacitance unit, a gate terminal unit, and a drain terminal unit, the storage capacitance unit including a storage capacitance electrode formed on the transparent insulating substrate and formed of a metal layer of the same material as the gate electrode; a dielectric film formed on the storage capacitance electrode and formed of an insulating film common with the gate insulating film and a non-doped semiconductor layer of the same material as the semiconductor active layer; and a counter electrode formed on the dielectric film and formed of a doped semiconductor layer of the same material as the semiconductor contact layer and a metal layer of the same material as the source electrode and the drain electrode, the counter electrode being connected to the picture element electrode through a contact hole opened in a protecting film common with the passivation film.

Abstract: A library apparatus having an accessor equipped with a bar code reader. The library apparatus includes a recording medium drive unit for writing and reading data to and from a recording medium cartridge; a cartridge entry unit for entering recording medium cartridges into the apparatus; and an automatic cartridge exit unit for automatically ejecting recording medium cartridges from inside the apparatus. The accessor transports cartridges through the cell unit, the recording medium drive unit, the cartridge entry unit and the automatic cartridge exit unit. The library apparatus also includes a door for allowing a large number of recording medium cartridges to enter all at once into the cells of a given cell column of the cell unit. Because the accessor is equipped with the bar code reader, the bar code of each cartridge is read thereby every time a cartridge is taken out of its cell by the accessor.

Abstract: The conductive material film, e.g. a polysilicon film, is anisotropically etched for forming a pattern, e.g. a storage electrode, and a base insulating film, e.g. an insulating film made of SiO.sub.2, is isotropically etched for exposing the sidewall or backside of the conductive material film during a manufacturing process of the semiconductor element, e.g. a memory cell including a transistor and a capacitor. A belt cover film, including the conductive material film, is formed to cover the surrounding and vicinity of a chip in which the semiconductor element is formed, at the same time when the conductive material film is formed.

Abstract: In a device and a method for performing a switching control to a standby system in a hybrid system including a duplex system and a backup line, communication is performed without using a backup line when a line is switched in an exchange. The device includes a first exchange having a pair of communication multiplexers and a communication line management processor. The backup line uses a public network. A second exchange is provided for interchanging between a line connected via the first exchange and the backup line using the public network. A normal notification signal is transmitted to the opposite communication party or second exchange when one of the communication multiplexers is switched to the standby system. A regulation releasing signal is transmitted after the switching operation so that communication is performed without using the backup line.

Abstract: A method of structuring definition files for a hierarchical-structure menu system including steps for providing menu display definition files for each corresponding menu display. Each of the menu display definition files define displayed menu items corresponding to another hierarchical level and processes to be performed by a corresponding menu item.

Abstract: A multimedia information capturing apparatus consisting of a hand writing stylus pen and a data processing unit including a write and display tablet operating with the stylus pen. By means of the stylus pen, image and voice data are captured, memorized and transmitted to the data processing unit through a wireless data transmission route, and in the data processing unit, the image and voice data are displayed and sounded on the tablet and from a speaker respectively and text data on the image and voice data is made by operating the stylus pen with the tablet. The data on the captured image and voice and the text data are stored in the data processing unit, and the data stored in the data processing unit can be transfer to the stylus pen through the wireless transmission route and stored in the stylus pen.

Abstract: A detecting and decoding circuit detects and decodes a multiple-row bar code consisting of n rows, each of which has a left block and a right block. A bar code data editing circuit extracts one bar code data a decoded signal received from the detecting and decoding circuit and performs a modulo 10 check for the bar code data. In addition, a determination circuit receives the edited result of the bar code data editing circuit and determines whether or not the number of each of right block data and left block data is n, whether or not the number of valid data in the modulo 10 check is n, whether or not the number of sequence data is n-1, and whether or not any two data of each of the left block data and the right block data are not the same as each other, and for outputting a reading valid signal when all these conditions are satisfied.

Abstract: A polygon dividing section divides a polygon which is stored in a polygon graphic data storage area into a number of triangles, with the associated vertex information being distributed among the triangles. In doing this, based on category information which indicates that separated triangles are first, intermediate, or last triangles of the polygon and also based on the edge numbers of the separated triangles, the polygon dividing section selects either edge data or divided edge data, the latter of which indicates an invisible edge, which are stored in the polygon graphic data storage area, and outputs the vertex data of the triangles along with either the edge data or divided edge data to a triangle set graphic data storage area. A triangle drawing section, based on the triangle vertex information stored in the triangle set graphic data storage area, draws the separate triangles on a display device.

Abstract: An exchange control portion and a service control portion are provided on the exchange network side. The service control portion is provided with a PTN management table. When a subscriber dials a special number, the service control portion is activated. Thus, the service control portion sends to the subscriber a command for requesting him to input his PTN. When the subscriber inputs information identifying his PTN, the service control portion controls data relevant to the subscriber. When the service control portion receives the PTN of a receiving subscriber according to the input command thereof, it detects the telephone number of the receiving subscriber using the PTN management table. Thereby, the exchange control portion connects the subscriber to the receiving subscriber using the telephone number received or detected.

Abstract: Pumping light from two pumping light sources is supplied to an optical coupler which splits it into two output beams and supplies the beams to erbium-doped optical fibers in the forward and backward paths, respectively. To avoid the detrimental effect caused by interference that occurs when the wavelengths of the two pumping light sources coincide perfectly with each other, the two pumping light sources are activated alternately by clock signals that are 180.degree. out of phase with each other. Alternatively, optical shutters may be provided between the optical coupler and the respective pumping light source, and these optical shutters may be opened alternately. If one or other of the pumping light sources stops due to failure, the average level of the pumping light supplied to the optical fibers will drop.

Abstract: In a developing apparatus and image forming apparatus, a container accommodates a two-component developer, a stirring and conveying screw stirring and conveying the two-component developer in the container and the development carrier conveying the two-component developer, stirred by the screw, to a latent image carrier which carries an electrostatic latent image. Balls, each having a diameter larger than a gap between an outer diameter portion of the screw and a bottom support surface of the container, are received along with the developer in the container and are stirred with the developer by the screw to facilitate conveyance and discharge of used developer from the container.

Abstract: A control system controls a disk unit and a cache storage unit having a cache memory and a nonvolatile memory based on a writing instruction supplied from a host computer. The control system includes a first processing block for writing the updated data in both the cache memory and the nonvolatile memory when an unused area in the nonvolatile memory is not less than a reference area. The updated data which has been written in the nonvolatile memory is written in the disk unit asynchronously with the writing instruction. The control system further includes a second processing block for writing the updated data in both the cache memory and the disk unit when the unused area in the nonvolatile memory is less than the reference area and the nonvolatile memory does not have the data corresponding to the identified track.

Abstract: In a character segmenting apparatus the extracting section extracts the character segment pattern on the basis of the connection data imparted to the segment pattern. The character size calculating section calculates a histogram of a lengthwise or crosswise character size of a circumscribed rectangle circumscribed with the extracted character segment pattern and also calculates an average character size and its variance value on the basis of the histogram of the character size. The character pitch calculating section calculates a histogram of a pitch between the circumscribed rectangles and also calculates an average character pitch and its variance value on the basis of the histogram of the character pitch. The integrating section integrates the character while changing character integrating conditions in accordance with the average character size, the size variance value, the average character pitch and the pitch variance value.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing alignment marks on opposite faces of a generally flat substrate such as a semiconductor wafer. First, reference cuts are produced at the edges of the substrate at four points around the wafer. Next, the center line is determined on the first face of the substrate between two oppositely disposed reference cuts. First and second grooves are then cut in the first face of the substrate a first predetermined distance from the first center line. Third and fourth grooves are cut in the first face perpendicular to and through the first and second grooves at the first predetermined distance from the second reference cut forming crosshair alignment patterns. Next, the center line is determined on the second face of the substrate between the third and fourth reference cuts, and fifth and sixth grooves are cut in the second face of the substrate a second predetermined distance from the second center line.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to realize a compiling apparatus producing an object program which can be executed at a high speed. In a compiling apparatus according to the present invention, an aliasing address comparison instruction generating unit inserts a instruction to compare the two memory addresses of each pair of data expressions whose overlap is judged to be obscure, generates a plurality of paths defined by combinations of conditions whether or not memory addresses of data expressions of each pair overlap, and generates a instruction to branch to one of the paths according to a comparison result obtained by the instruction in an execution of a compiled program, and an optimization unit for respectively optimizing the paths. When the object program is executed, one path corresponding to a practical condition is selected from the plurality of paths, and only the selected path is executed.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a package substrate and a semiconductor chip provided on the package substrate, wherein there is provided a jumper substrate carrying thereon electrodes and conductor patterns that connect the electrodes, such that the jumper substrate is mounted upon the package substrate for providing an interconnection between the electrode patterns provided on the upper major surface of the package substrate in electrical connection with the electrode pads on the semiconductor chip and the electrodes that are isolated in correspondence to the through-holes provided on the package substrate.

Abstract: A method for forming an acrylic resist on a surface of a copper layer includes the steps of processing a surface of the copper layer by an ammonia water, and depositing a layer of acrylic resist on the surface of the copper layer after a processing by the ammonia water.

Abstract: An integrated circuit placement method is executed according to a mini-cut method to design the cell placement of an integrated circuit by setting a cut line which divides the integrated circuit into a plurality of blocks and moving the cells such that the cut size, that is, the number of nets, connecting the cells and traversing the cut line can be minimum. It aims to determine the optimum placement by preventing cut size from keeping a local minimum state. A first process P1 detects stable nets which have caused a local minimum state if the cut size in a net has reached the local minimum state after executing the mini-cut method. A second process P2 selects all or a part of the detected stable nets and moves the cells connected to the selected stable nets and placed in different blocks to either of the blocks.