Abstract: A laminate includes a base substrate, and a coating layer formed on the base substrate. The coating layer includes a copper alloy portions derived from precipitation-hardening copper alloy particles and hard particle portions which are harder than the copper alloy portions, the hard particle portions are derived from hard particles, and the parts bond with each other via an interface. Each of the hard particle portions has a non-spherical shape. A sliding member includes the laminate in at least one sliding portion. A method for manufacturing a laminate includes a step of spraying a mixture in a non-molten state including precipitation-hardening copper alloy particles and hard particles having a non-spherical shape and being harder than the copper alloy particles onto a base substrate, to form a coating layer on the base substrate.

Abstract: A plate type heat exchanger wherein contacting portions of laminated plural plates and fins or contacting portions of laminated plural plates are brazed to form a heat exchange area, characterized in that at least the surface of a plate or fin contacting with a fluid is covered with an alloy comprising in weight ratio 25–35% of chromium, 5–7% of phosphorus, 3–5% of silicon, 0.001–0.1% of at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, calcium, yttrium and mischmetal, and balance containing mainly nickel. The alloy may contain 15% or less of iron and or 10% or less of molybdenum. The plate type exchanger exhibits enhanced pressure resistance and is excellent in corrosion resistance.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an explosion-proof safety valve assemblage having a lead cap which allows some of the manufacturing man-hour in the process such as precision working and positioning to be deleted, since the lead cap is integrally formed with an explosion-proof safety valve and serves to provide a current circuit in a battery in place of a conventional one composed of lead plate or lead wire which requires such precision working and positioning operations, and to provide a closed secondary battery using the above mentioned safety valve assemblage.