Abstract: Heated hydrogen peroxide reagent under pressure is supplied to a well for underground remediation of pollution; the reaction with the pollutant is exothermic so that the high temperature of the reagent when injected is maintained as the reagent spreads. The remediation reaction is monitored by sensors, to regulate the supply of reagent and to shut off the supply automatically when the pollutant has been reduced to an acceptable level.

Abstract: Electrically controlled combined valve/cylinder apparatus. The apparatus includes a housing having a cylindrical body and spaced first and second end walls closing the body. A cylinder is positioned inside the body and a piston is positioned inside the cylinder for reciprocal movement. A control ram connected to the piston extends through an aperture in the first end wall so that the piston is movable between a first position adjacent the first end wall in which the ram is extended and a second postion in which the piston is located adjacent the second end wall so that the ram is retracted. The apparatus further includes a cylindrical control sleeve positioned between and spaced from both the body and the cylinder. An inlet port tube is provided for supplying an electro-rheological fluid to the body while an outlet port tube is provided for discharging the fluid from the body.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon composites consisting of graphite fibers reinforcing a carbon matrix are protected from oxidation by a B.sub.2 O.sub.3 glass coating which includes a refractory oxide to stabilize the viscosity of the glass. Precursors of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and the refractory oxide are dispersed into a resin, the resin is used to impregnate fibrous graphite or fibrous graphitizable material, the sheets are laid up as plies and the laid-up plies are carbonized and graphitized using heat structure. The composite structure is then coated with an additional mix of resin and precursors and the coated structure is heated to carbonize the resin and leave a seal coat on the structure. Then an outer shell of a refractory material is deposited on the structure.

Abstract: A funnel for an ion accelerator comprises a magnetic lens in operative association with a resonator. Ions from different sources are accelerated to different predetermined energy levels and are separately aimed at the lens where the incoming ions are deflected into alignment along a common path. The resonator receives ions from the lens and respectively accelerates or decelerates ions having relatively lower or higher energy levels to establish a beam of ions having substantially the same energy level.

Abstract: A joint is provided for joining together two sections of a tube wherein the sections are prestressed by a surrounding pressure medium to press the sections together and to resist forces tending to separate the sections and the bursting pressure inside the tube. The pressure medium can be a resin which can be pressurized and subsequently cured or a fluid. The outside diameter of each section, at and near the end to be joined, is enlarged. A coupling means encircles the enlarged portions and couples the two sections together. One or more expandable pressure cavities located within said coupling means and/or within the enlarged portions have the general shape of a flared annuli. The pressure medium fills and expands the pressure cavities and, when pressurized, exerts stresses compressing both sections together at the joint and also applies relatively uniform radial stress in the vicinity of the end of each section.

Abstract: A cell for using solar radiation to generate electrical power comprises a direct band gap (or high absorption coefficient) substrate which is formed with at least one hole that extends from one side of the substrate to the other side of the substrate. A p-n junction formed with an emitter and a base is joined to one side of the substrate with the hole allowing means to make electrical contact with the base. A metallic layer is extended through the hole into electrical contact with the base to establish a low resistance path between the base of the p-n junction and the back side of the substrate.

Abstract: A nuclear reactor includes a core submerged in a pool of liquid. Under normal conditions, coolant flows through the core without intermixing with the liquid in the pool. In the event of failure of the primary coolant circulation system, liquid from the pool flows through openings in the primary circulation system so as to cool the core by natural convection. Flow through the openings during normal operating conditions may be controlled regardless of the flow rate.

Abstract: A photothermophotovoltaic energy conversion system converts solar energy to electrical energy and includes a radiator and a photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell receives incoming energy, including solar energy, and converts a first portion of the incoming energy to electrical energy. The photovoltaic cell includes a reflector for reflecting a second portion of the incoming energy to the radiator to heat it. The heated radiator in turn radiates energy back to the photovoltaic cell for subsequent energy conversion therein of a first portion thereof. A second portion is reflected to the radiator, conserving heat.

Abstract: This invention relates to particle coaters and in particular to a method and apparatus for a circulating bed particle coater which is particularly adapted for coating small diameter particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vircator with improved efficiency. An elongated anode is aligned with an elongated cathode so as to produce an elongated virtual cathode when a direct current voltage source is electrically connected to the elongated cathode. A surface wave having a velocity near the velocity of light will be produced on the virtual cathode. Waveguide means enclosing the virtual cathode is disposed so as to propagate microwave radiation in a direction parallel to the direction of elongation of the cathode, anode and virtual cathode. The waveguide is designed to match the phase velocity of the microwave to the velocity of the virtual cathode surface wave.

Abstract: A magnet system for providing a localized, substantially homogeneous field for use in medical magnetic resonance imaging and its incorporation into a method of siting. The magnet system includes a vacuum vessel defining a bore for receiving the subject of the imaging and having a first end and a second end. A cryogenic containment vessel is supported within the vacuum vessel and a single coil is disposed within the containment vessel for providing the magnetic field. The magnetic system also includes a shield assembly of ferromagnetic material positioned closely adjacent the outside of the vacuum vessel and including first and second end assemblies and a plurality of axially extending beam-like members interconnecting the end assemblies. The coil comprises a winding made up of thousands of turns of small superconductive wire and which is configured to compensate for the effect of the presence of the shield to provide the substantially homogeneous field at a predetermined location in the bore.

Abstract: A magnetically confined helical z-pinch plasma is formed as a helicoid having an approximately D-shaped cross section, thereby generating a large transform of magnetic field line pitch suitably distributed throughout the plasma volume to aid in the reversal of field lines in the axial direction and increase magnetic shear.

Abstract: A toroidal fusion device with an elongated axial cross section is described which is capable of ignition without auxiliary heating and with modest toroidal magnetic field. The device is based on the principle that for elongated toroids the toroidal current density in the plasma at ignition is subject to a limit which is proportional to the product of the elongation and the toroidal magnetic field. The elongation is made greater than about 4. The aspect ratio is preferably between about 3 and 10.

Abstract: A solid state cyclotron laser device generate coherent electromagnetic radiation. A semiconductor configuration comprises an emitter region and a collector region separated by a base region and barrier layers on each side of the base. The semiconductor configuration is biased such that electrons enter the base region from the emitter region as hot electrons. A magnetic field applied by an external source to the base region causes the hot electrons to gyrate and quantize into Landau levels. An optical resonance cavity produces standing wave modes which stimulate the electrons to move from higher to lower Landau levels to generate conherent radiation. Electrons with decreased energy are removed at the collector in order to maintain the population inversion. The device is tunable by adjusting the magnetic field.

Abstract: The present invention is a device for generating high power microwave pulses using a nonlinear dispersive transmission line connected by a switch means to a source cable means and a high voltage source. The closing of the switch means sends an electrical pulse propagating from the source cable means through the transmission line. The pulse decomposes into a short, high power pulse of microwaves which consists of an array of solitons. The output of the line may be coupled into an antenna, wave guide or other load.

Abstract: An austentic steel component is fused to a ferritic steel component with a filler alloy specifically formulated to have a thermal coefficient of expansion similar to that of the ferritic steel, a creep rate intermediate between that of the ferritic and austenitic steels, a rupture strength at least as great as that of the ferritic steel, and a carbon activity intermediate that of the ferritic and austenitic steels. Suitable filler alloys have the following general compositions: (1) 1-3% nickel, 11-13% chromium, 1.6-2.0% molybdenum, 0.07-0.1% carbon, 0.5-0.9% manganese and 0-1.5% tungsten, balance iron, and (2) 41-56% nickel, 3.5-10.0% chromium, 1.6-2.5% molybdenum, 0.03-0.1% carbon and 0.5-2.0% manganese, balance iron.

Abstract: An electron gun for emitting a modulated electron beam. The gun includes an evacuated envelope having an output end with a photocathode positioned in the envelope and responsive to light to emit electrons. An anode is positioned between the photocathode and the output end for accelerating the electrons emitted by the photocathode. The gun further includes a source of potential interconnecting the anode and the photocathode for maintaining the anode electrostatically positive relative to the photocathode. A first laser provides a first laser beam at a first frequency illuminating the photocathode, and a second laser provides a second laser beam at a second frequency illuminating the photocathode at the same time. The first frequency differs from the second frequency by a beat frequency, whereby the photocathode provides the electron beam with the electrons spacially bunched in accordance with the beat frequency. A method of providing a modulated electron beam is also disclosed.

Abstract: In aiming a neutral particle beam cross hair sights are first lined up relative to a target, and then the beam is lined up with the cross hair sights. Blocking means is disposed in a particle beam so as to absorb, scatter and/or otherwise remove particles from the beam and thereby create a downstream shadow of predetermined size and shape in the beam. Shadow detecting means is disposed in the beam downstream of the blocking means and senses the particles and emits steering signals systematically related to the extent to which the shadow detecting means is in the shadow of the blocking means. Aligning means lines up the blocking means and the shadow means in a desired direction relative to the target. The steering signals are thus systematically related to the direction of the beam relative to the desired direction. The steering signal from the sensing means is used to direct the neutral particle beam to hit the target.

Abstract: A first wall structure for use in a fusion device surrounds the plasma region and includes a base wall which is substantially continuous. The base wall has an inner surface which faces the plasma region and an outer surface which faces the first wall coolant. The inner surface has a plurality of recesses. The wall structure also includes a number of inserts corresponding in number to the recesses with each insert being received in a respective recess and extending inwardly beyond the inner base wall surface. The inserts are made of material having a substantially greater heat flux capability than the material from which the base wall is formed. A method of forming a composite first wall structure for use in a fusion device, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A magnet system for providing a localized, substantially homogeneous magnetic field for use in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The magnet system includes a vacuum vessel defining a bore for receiving the subject of the imaging. It further includes a cryogenic containment vessel supported within the vacuum vessel. A single coil or "simple" solenoid is positioned within the containment vessel for providing the magnetic field. This coil includes a winding made up of thousands of turns of small superconductive wire, with the winding having a modular geometry including a plurality of axially spaced wire modules. The coil further includes an insulative substance, having a greater coefficient of thermal contraction than that of the wire, distributed in the winding. As the temperature of the coil is reduced from room temperature to its cryogenic operating temperature, the development of localized stress concentrations of sufficient magnitude to rupture the wire, are avoided.