Abstract: Compounds that are effective lipoxygenase inhibitors, and methods and pharmaceutical compositions for inhibiting lipoxygenases and for treatment of lipoxygenase-mediated conditions in humans and other subjects. The compounds, methods and pharmaceutical compositions utilize subersic terpenoids, jaspic terpenoids, igernellic terpenoids, hippospongic terpenoids, halicondric terpenoids, dictyodendric terpenoids, and/or heteronemic terpenoids, and synthetic derivatives or analogs thereof. Exemplary compounds include (−)-subersic acid, (+)-subersin, jaspaquinol, (−)-jaspic acid, igernellin, halisufate 7, and hipposulfate C and D, and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Non-naturally-occurring compositions for use in amelioration of disruption of energy metabolism secondary to stress are described. These compositions comprise a flavonoid or derivative thereof and a synergist. Synergists include, but are not limited to, amino acids, carbohydrates, carnitines, flavonoids, nucleosides, and tocopherols and/or derivatives thereof. Methods of making these compositions and methods of ameliorating disruption of energy metabolism secondary to stress, comprising administering such synergistic compositions, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Non-naturally-occuring compositions for use in amelioration of disruption of energy metabolism secondary to stress are described. The compositions comprise a tocopherol and/or a derivative thereof, and a synergist, and are particularly suited for use as nutritional supplements. Synergists include, but are not limited to, flavonoids and lactoferrin and/or derivatives thereof. Compositions comprising an optimized formulation comprising a tocopherol and an additional compound such as daidzein or biochanin A are also described. Methods of making these compositions and methods of ameliorating injury(ies) or disruption of energy metabolism secondary to stress, comprising administering such compositions, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for screening compounds for anti-stress activity. A rat hepatoma-derived cell line is employed, which is particularly responsive to mitochondrial function inhibiting agents, demonstrated by the extracellular release of lactate dehydrogenase and the formation of lactate. Cytoprotectant agents are shown to reverse the lactate dehydrogenase release in the presence of mitochondrial function interfering agents, as a model for the effects of hypoxia on cellular energetic function.

Abstract: Purine derivatives are provided for treatment of cellular stress, particularly hypoxia. By administering the purine derivatives by themselves or in conjunction with other compounds, particularly electron acceptor compounds and/or amino acids, the time for irreversible cellular changes, particularly mortality, can be greatly extended.