Abstract: A circuit arrangement connected to an electrical circuit including a transformer with primary winding connected to the electric power grid and secondary winding connected to a power converter with a capacitor, the circuit arrangement has a primary winding coupled to the auxiliary winding, which is connected to a switching device.

Abstract: An electrical frequency converter for coupling an electrical power supply grid with an electrical drive includes a first power converter connected to the power supply grid. The first power converter includes at least two connections in series. A second power converter is connected to the electrical drive and includes at least two connections in series. Each of the connections in series of the first and second power converters includes at least two modular switches. Each modular switch includes a first connection in series having a first controllable power semiconductor component and a first diode. The modular switch further includes a second connection in series having a second controllable power semiconductor component and a second diode. The modular switch further includes a capacitor. The first connection in series, the second connection in series and the capacitor are connected in parallel.

Abstract: Electrical frequency converter (20) for coupling an electrical power supply grid (21) with an electrical drive (22) is described. One rectifier (23) and one inverter (24) are provided, in which case the rectifier (23) is connected to the power supply grid (21) and the inverter (24) to the drive (22). The rectifier (23) and the inverter (24) have in each case at least two connections in series (25), and every one of the connections in series (25) has at least two modular switches (10).

Abstract: An electrical circuit for a power converter is described. The circuit has been provided with several semiconductor switches and capacitors used for operating the power converter. A brake resistance for lowering energy is provided, connected to the semiconductor switches provided without the need for an additional switch. The operation of the power converter and the current flowing through the brake resistance can be controlled by means of the existing semiconductor switches.

Abstract: A method for transferring user data from a source application (20) of a source computing device (4) to a target application (22; 24) of at least one target computing device (6; 8) is described. The source computing device (4) and the target computing device (6; 8) are connected via Ethernet technology. In the method, the following chronologically sequential steps are carried out: Generation of an Ethernet telegram by the source computing device (4), in which case the telegram comprises the user data, and sending of the Ethernet telegram by the source computing device (4) to the target computing device (6; 8). When the Ethernet telegram is generated, always precisely the same, at least one, target computing device (6; 8) is specified through a MAC target address, for whose target application (22; 26) the user data are intended for. The source computing device (4) is always authorized for sending. The Ethernet telegram is sent without a connection to the target computing device (6; 8).