Abstract: This invention relates to a method for forming a transparent conductive metal oxide film having good characteristic properties. The method comprises feeding an atomized or gasified starting material onto a substrate to form a metal oxide film on the substrate, wherein the substrate is heated to form a first metal oxide film having a good degree of orientation of crystals and a second film formation step wherein a second metal oxide film is formed on the first metal oxide film under higher substrate temperature conditions than those in the first film formation step to form a second metal oxide film having a degree of orientation of crystals in conformity with that of the first metal oxide film.

Abstract: A photosensitive coating emulsion for a plastic film comprising an emulsion ontaining a film-forming polymer and a photocrosslinkable polyvinyl alochol containing a photocrosslinkable constituent unit, which further comprises (1) an aliphatic alcohol having eight carbon atoms as an anti-foaming agent, or (2) a dispersion medium of the emulsion composed of 95 to 50% by weight of water and 5 to 50% by weight of at least one lower aliphatic alcohol selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and i-propyl alcohols, or (3) an acetylenic glycol or alcohol as an anti-foaming agent. These emulsions can give a coating film free from unevenness in coating.

Abstract: A crosslinked composite membrane having high permeation velocity and sepaion factor and a process for producing the same. The membrane comprises a skin layer comprising a crosslinking reaction product of a water-soluble polysaccharide having a sulfonate group and/or a sulfonic acid group and a polyfunctional melamine compound the crosslinked composite membrane can be formed on a porous base such as an ultrafilter.

Abstract: A permeable membrane through which water or its vapor permeates selectively nd which contains a polyion complex formed by the association by an ionic bond between an anionic polymer and a cationic polymer on the surface of the membrane and/or in the membrane. This membrane is useful in the separation of water from an aqueous solution of an organic substance or a gaseous mixture of water with an organic substance, and exhibits excellent resistance to solvent, particularly water, and a high permeation rate and a high separation coefficient.

Abstract: A crosslinked composite membrane having high permeation velocity and separation factor and a process for producing the same. The membrane comprises a skin layer comprising a crosslinking reaction product of a water-soluble polysaccharide having a sulfonate group and/or a sulfonic acid group and a polyfunctional melamine compound. The crosslinked composite membrane can be formed on a porous base such as an ultrafilter.

Abstract: An aqueous solution can be concentrated in respect to a volatile substance ontained therein by maintaining the aqueous solution on both sides of a porous membrane which has a pore size of 0.05 to 150 microns and giving a temperature difference between the two respective portions divided by the membrane.

Abstract: The invention provides an improvement in the method for the preparation of phenyl pyruvic acid by the reaction of benzyl chloride and carbon monoxide in a liquid reaction medium in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl as the catalyst. In the inventive method, the reaction is performed in the presence of calcium hydroxide and the reaction medium is a binary system composed of water and an organic solvent capable of dissolving the catalyst and not freely miscible with water. The reaction can proceed even under normal pressure and the desired product can be readily recovered in the form of precipitates of the calcium salt while the catalyst dissolved in the organic phase after completion of the reaction can be recycled and re-used as such in the next run so that the costs for the catalyst regeneration in the prior art can be entirely saved.

Abstract: There are disclosed polyprenyl sulfone derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n represents an integer of 1-4, R.sub.1 represents an aryl group d R.sub.2 represents a hydroxymethyl or carboxyl group. The polyprenyl sulfone derivatives are prepared by cultivating a microorganism of the genus Nocardia capable of oxidizing a compound of the general formula: ##STR2## wherein n and R.sub.1 have the same meanings as defined above, in a culture medium containing a compound of the above general formula (II), and then collecting the oxidation product from the culture mixture. The polyprenyl sulfone derivatives are useful as intermediates for preparing various useful polyprenyl compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel polyprenyl ketone derivatives having the eral formula: ##STR1## in which n is an integer of 1-5, and R represents a hydroxymethyl, formyl or carboxyl group, and a process for the preparation of the same.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a two-functional-group-containing terpenoid having the general formula: ##STR1## in which n is an integer of from 1 to 5, R represents a hydroxymethyl, formyl or carboxyl group, and A represents the hydrogen atom, or a 2-tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, methoxymethol or methoxyethoxymethyl group comprising the oxidation with a microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardia. Some of the terpenoids are of value as anti-ulcer agents, while others are useful as intermediates.

Abstract: There are disclosed polyprenyl sulfone derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n represents an integer of 1-4, R.sub.1 represents an aryl group d R.sub.2 represents a hydroxymethyl or carboxyl group. The polyprenyl sulfone derivatives are prepared by cultivating a microorganism of the genus Nocardia capable of oxidizing a compound of the general formula: ##STR2## wherein n and R.sub.1 have the same meanings as defined above, in a culture medium containing a compound of the above general formula (II), and then collecting the oxidation product from the culture mixture. The polyprenyl sulfone derivatives are useful as intermediates for preparing various useful polyprenyl compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a two-functional-group-containing terpenoid having the general formula: ##STR1## in which n is an integer of from 1 to 5, R represents a hydroxymethyl, formyl or carboxyl group, and A represents the hydrogen atom, or a 2-tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, methoxymethol or methoxyethoxymethyl group comprising the oxidation with a microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardia. Some of the terpenoids are of value as anti-ulcer agents, while others are useful as intermediates.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a two-functional-group-containing terpen having the general formula: ##STR1## in which n is an integer of from 1 to 5, R represents a hydroxymethyl, formyl, or carboxyl group, and A represents the hydrogen atom, or a 2-tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, methoxymethol or methoxyethoxymethyl group comprising the oxidation with a microorganism belonging to the genus Nocardia. Some of the terpenoids are of value as anti-ulcer agents, while others are useful as intermediates.