Abstract: A dual-fuel fuel nozzle includes a centerbody that at least partially defines an air plenum therein. A tip body is disposed at a downstream end of the centerbody. The tip body includes an upstream side that is axially spaced from a downstream side. The downstream side defines a circular slot and a circular recess that is positioned radially inwardly from the circular slot. The circular recess includes a floor and a side wall, The floor defines an insert opening and the side wall defines an annular groove that includes an undercut surface. The tip body further defines a plurality of orifices annularly arranged around the insert opening radially inward from the side wall of the circular recess. Each orifice includes an inlet that is in fluid communication with the air plenum and an outlet that is oriented towards the undercut surface.

Abstract: A conductive element comprises a metal core and a coating, wherein the coating comprises at least one layer of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, an aluminide, silicon, a silicon alloy, a silicide, and combinations thereof, and wherein the at least one layer has a predetermined thickness. A method of making a conductive element comprises depositing a coating material on a metal core to form a coated metal core and heating the coated metal core to a predetermined temperature to form at least one layer of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, an aluminide, silicon, a silicon alloy, a silicide, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An optical spectrometer for combustion flame temperature determination includes at least two photodetectors positioned for receiving light from a combustion flame, each of the at least two photodetectors having a different, overlap ping bandwidth for detecting a respective output signal in an ultraviolet emission band; and a computer for subtracting a respective output signal of a first one of the at least two photodetectors from a respective output signal of a second one of the at least two photodetectors to obtain a segment signal, and using the segment signal to determine the combustion flame temperature.