Abstract: This invention concerns particulate reinforced Al-based composites, and the near net shape forming process of their components. The average size of the reinforced particle in the invented composites is 0.1–3.5 ?m and the volume percentage is 10–40%, and a good interfacial bonding between the reinforced particulate and the matrix is formed with the reinforced particles uniformly distributed. The production method of its billet is to have the reinforced particles and Al-base alloy powder receive variable-speed high-energy ball-milling in the balling drum. Then, with addition of a liquid surfactant, the ball-mill proceeds to carry on ball-milling. After the ball-milling, the produced composite powder undergoes cold isostatic pressing and the subsequent vacuum sintering or vacuum hot-pressing to be shaped into a hot compressed billet, which in turn undergoes semisolid thixotropic forming and may be shaped into complex-shaped components. These components can be used in various fields.

Abstract: This invention concerns particulate reinforced Al-based composites, and the near net shape forming process of their components. The average size of the reinforced particle in the invented composites is 0.1˜3.5 &mgr;m and the volume percentage is 10˜40%, and a good interfacial bonding between the reinforced particulate and the matrix is formed with the reinforced particles uniformly distributed. The production method of its billet is to have the reinforced particles and Al-base alloy powder receive variable-speed high-energy ball-milling in the balling drum. Then, with addition of a liquid surfactant, the ball-mill proceeds to carry on ball-milling. After the ball-milling, the produced composite powder undergoes cold isostatic pressing and the subsequent vacuum sintering or vacuum hot-pressing to be shaped into a hot compressed billet, which in turn undergoes semisolid thixotropic forming and may be shaped into complex-shaped components. These components can be used in various fields.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for preparing rare earth containing hard alloy, comprising preparing metal carbide powder containing rare earth metals or cobalt powder containing rare earth metals by using wet coprecipitating method; according to the composition of alloy, at least one kind of the metal carbide powder containing rare earth metal and cobalt powder containing rare metals being mixed homogeneously with other raw materials, shaping and finally sintering under high temperature. The process of the invention is simple technologically. The properties of the products produced by the process of the invention are good, stable and repeatable.

Abstract: A high performance hollow cathode lamp comprises an common anode and an open-ended hollow cylinder as primary cathode consisting of a selected element adapted to produce a primary electric discharge, which give rise to an atomic vapor of said element by cathode sputtering from the primary cathode, between the anode and the primary cathode. An auxiliary cathode in form of hollow cylinder with one or two open ends is provided to produce a secondary electric discharge. A shielding tube covering the anode and the primary cathode serves to constrain the electron stream of the secondary discharge extending from the auxiliary cathode to the common anode to pass through the primary cathode to excite further the atoms in the vapor to emit radiation characteristic of said element.