Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a protein binding agent, or an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, which binds to a programmed death-1 (PD-1) protein. The present disclosure further provides a polynucleotide sequence encoding the protein binding agent, the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof, a vector comprising the polynucleotide sequence, or a host cell comprising the vector. Also, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition or a kit, which comprises the protein binding agent, the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of inducing neuro-regeneration comprising administering a MEK 1/2 inhibitor to a patient in need thereof. In the present invention, the MEK1/2 inhibitor induces neuro-regeneration by differentiating neural stem cells into neurons, by protecting neural stem cells and neurons against cytotoxicity of amyloid-betas, or by both of the above. Also, the present invention relates to a method of protecting neurons against neuronal loss or damage comprising administering a MEK 1/2 inhibitor. In addition, this invention relates to a method of preventing or treating neurodegenerative disease due to neuronal loss or damage for patients in need thereof comprising administering a MEK 1/2 inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to: a method for evaluating response to treatment using a MEK 1/2 inhibitor in an individual diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease; and a composition to be used for the method. Particularly, the method of the present invention comprises measuring, in a biological sample obtained from the individual with a neurodegenerative disease, the concentration of at least one biomarker selected from the group consisting of osteopontin, synaptotagmin-1, apolipoprotein-E, cathepsin B, HLA-DOB (HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain), and neurofilament light chain. According to the present invention, response to the MEK 1/2 inhibitor in the individual diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease is monitored, and it is thereby possible to obtain useful information for managing the individual, such as determining the possibility of a treatment effect early on and determining whether to continue drug treatment and whether the amount needs to be adjusted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of inducing neuro-regeneration comprising administering a MEK 1/2 inhibitor to a patient in need thereof. In the present invention, the MEK1/2 inhibitor induces neuro-regeneration by differentiating neural stem cells into neurons, by protecting neural stem cells and neurons against cytotoxicity of amyloid-betas, or by both of the above. Also, the present invention relates to a method of protecting neurons against neuronal loss or damage comprising administering a MEK1/2 inhibitor. In addition, this invention relates to a method of preventing or treating neurodegenerative disease due to neuronal loss or damage for patients in need thereof comprising administering a MEK 1/2 inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of inducing neuro-regeneration comprising administering a MEK 1/2 inhibitor to a patient in need thereof. In the present invention, the MEK1/2 inhibitor induces neuro-regeneration by differentiating neural stem cells into neurons, by protecting neural stem cells and neurons against cytotoxicity of amyloid-betas, or by both of the above. Also, the present invention relates to a method of protecting neurons against neuronal loss or damage comprising administering a MEK1/2 inhibitor. In addition, this invention relates to a method of preventing or treating neurodegenerative disease due to neuronal loss or damage for patients in need thereof comprising administering a MEK 1/2 inhibitor.