Abstract: Relatively greater capillarity material layers and relatively lesser capillarity material layers are provided. These layers can be used to promote capillary wetting in capillary wetting zones to promote prolonged periods of water retention. Carbon sources present in the capillary wetting zones may exhibit prolonged use provided by limited drying and wetting cycles experienced in the capillary wetting zones. Carbon sources positioned between saturated layers may exhibit prolonged use provided by anoxic conditions created by upper and lower water seals of the saturated layers. Capillarity layers can be employed in infiltration systems handling water, such as residential wastewater.

Abstract: Systems, methods, process, and article of manufacture regarding alignment orifice shields are provided. Shields can be configured to mate with leaching conduits in a certain configuration and can provide visual clues with regard to orientation as well as stability of installation for a pressurized or gravity-flow conduit. Methods of manufacture are also provided where manual or automated systems may be used for securing and adapting conduits to align with one or shields prior to or during installation of a leaching system.