Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of in vitro 3D modeling of neural tissues, particularly of the brain. There is the need of developing cell culture models of neural tissue that reflect physiological aspects of neural tissue. The present invention provides methods of producing bioengineered neuronal organoids (BENOs) which form functional neuronal networks. The present invention also relates to uses and applications of the produced BENOs, e.g., in the fields of drug screening and personalized medicine.