Abstract: Binder compositions and processes for making and using same. In some embodiments, the binder composition can include a urea-based compound, a bifunctional quaternary ammonium salt, and an aldehyde-based resin. In some embodiments, a resinated substrate can include a plurality of substrates and the binder composition. In some embodiments, a process for making a composite product can include contacting a plurality of substrates with the binder composition. The process can also include heating the resinated substrate to at least partially cure the aldehyde-based resin to produce the composite product. In some embodiments, a composite product can include the plurality of substrates and the aldehyde-based resin at least partially cured. In some embodiments, the plurality of substrates can include lignocellulosic substrates. In other embodiments, the plurality of substrates can include glass fibers.

Abstract: Binders, methods for making same, and methods for making composite lignocellulose products therefrom. The binder can include about 30 wt % to about 40 wt % of solids that include a urea-modified aldehyde-based resin; about 0.1 wt % to about 3 wt % of solids that include an isocyanate-based resin; about 0.1 wt % to about 12 wt % of an extender; and about 50 wt % to about 62 wt % of water, where all weight percent values are based on a total weight of the binder. The binder can have a sodium hydroxide equivalent weight alkalinity of about 3 wt % to about 9 wt %.

Abstract: Binders, resinated furnishes, and methods for making composite lignocellulose products therefrom. The binder can include about 70 wt % to about 99.7 wt % of an aldehyde-based resin, about 0.3 wt % to about 30 wt % of an isocyanate-based resin, about 10 wt % to about 63 wt % of an extender, and about 145 wt % to about 230 wt % of water, where all weight percent values are based on a combined solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin and the isocyanate-based resin. The binder has a long pot life and can be used with lignocellulose substrates having a water content of 10 wt % or more.

Abstract: Modified polyphenol binder compositions and methods for making and using same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the binder composition can include at least one unsaturated monomer and at least one polyphenolic compound. The polyphenolic compound can include a lignin, a tannin, a novolac resin, a modified phenol formaldehyde resin, bis-phenol A, humic acid, or any mixture thereof.

Abstract: Methods for making carbon materials are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the method can include combining one or more polymer precursors with one or more liquids to produce a mixture. The mixture can be an emulsion, dispersion, or a suspension. The liquid can include hexane, pentane, cyclopentane, benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, diethyl ether, ethylmethylketone, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, mineral oils, paraffin oils, vegetable derived oils, or any mixture thereof. The method can also include aging the mixture at a temperature and time sufficient for the polymer precursor to react and form polymer gel particles having a volume average particle size (Dv,50) of the polymer particles in gel form greater than or equal to 1 mm. The method can also include heating the polymer gel particles to produce a carbon material.

Abstract: Resin compositions having a reduced solubility and methods for making and using same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the resin composition can include a phenolic resin, a latent acid, a catalyst, and a liquid medium. The catalyst can be a base compound and can be present in an amount of about 2 wt % to about 7 wt %, based on the combined weight of the phenolic resin, the latent acid, the catalyst, and the liquid medium.

Abstract: Methods for making composite products are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the method can include combining a plurality of lignocellulose substrates and one or more free radical precursors to produce a mixture of the lignocellulose substrates and the one or more free radical precursors. The method can also include maintaining the mixture at a temperature less than 60° C. for at least 10 minutes while retaining at least 11 wt % of the one or more free radical precursors charged to the mixture. The method can then include heating the mixture comprising at least 11 wt % of the one or more free radical precursors charged to the mixture to a temperature of at least 60° C. to about 300° C. to produce a composite product. The composite product can have a density less than 1 g/cm3 and an internal bond strength of at least 0.35 MPa.

Abstract: Methods of preparing a three-dimensional structure are provided. One method includes the steps of extruding beads of thixotropic thermoset materials, and subjecting the beads to curing conditions such that the thixotropic thermoset materials at least partially cure to form cured polymer layers. In some cases, the curing conditions are not applied until multiple beads are extruded and in contact with one another. The steps of these methods can be performed repeatedly as desired to prepare a three-dimensional structure of nearly limitless shapes by additive manufacturing processes. Thixotropic thermoset materials are also provided, as are three-dimensional objects formed therefrom.

Abstract: Binders, resinated furnishes, and methods for making composite lignocellulose products therefrom. The binder can include about 70 wt % to about 99.7 wt % of an aldehyde-based resin, about 0.3 wt % to about 30 wt % of an isocyanate-based resin, about 10 wt % to about 63 wt % of an extender, and about 145 wt % to about 230 wt % of water, where all weight percent values are based on a combined solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin and the isocyanate-based resin. The binder has a long pot life and can be used with lignocellulose substrates having a water content of 10 wt % or more.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing nano-engineered carbon materials, such as carbon aerogels and carbon xerogels, and methods of manufacturing precursor solutions and sol-gels for making the same are provided. A method for manufacturing a precursor solution comprises programmed-addition of a cross-linking agent to a component mixture comprising a resorcinol compound. A method for manufacturing a sol-gel comprises subjecting a precursor solutions to at least one heat treatment. Methods for producing nano-engineered carbon materials from precursor solutions and sol-gels are also provided. Methods for using the nano-engineered carbon materials are also disclosed. The resulting nano-engineered carbon materials can be useful in a range of products including, supercapacitor applications, high-surface-area electrodes, fuel cells, and desalination systems.

Abstract: Binder compositions and methods for making and using same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the binder composition can include at least one unsaturated compound having two or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and at least one free radical precursor. At least one of the unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds can be a pi-bond that is not conjugated with an aromatic moiety and can be capable of free radical addition. The free radical precursor can be present in an amount of about 7 wt % to about 99 wt %, based on the weight of the one or more unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Lignocellulose composite products that include a hydrophobizing agent. The lignocellulose composite product can include a plurality of lignocellulose substrates, an at least partially cured binder composition, and a hydrophobizing agent. In one example, the hydrophobizing agent can include about 30 wt % to about 98 wt % of a fatty acid compound, about 0.1 wt % to about 15 wt % of a rosin acid compound, and about 1 wt % to about 40 wt % of an unsaponifiable compound. In another example, the hydrophobizing agent can include a tall oil pitch and a fatty acid composition.

Abstract: The present application is directed to methods for preparation of polymer particles in gel form and carbon materials made therefrom. The carbon materials comprise enhanced electrochemical properties and find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, as electrode material in ultracapacitors or batteries. The methods herein can also be employed generally to improve emulsion and/or suspension polymerization processes by improved control of diffusion of acidic and basic species between the polymer and secondary phases.

Abstract: A proppant for a well treatment fluid includes discrete particles of a substrate, such as sand, coated with a resin comprising a product of the Maillard reaction between a carbohydrate and an amine and/or an ammonium compound. Different resins, in particular thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, may be blended with Maillard reaction products or applied to the substrate as separate layers. The proppant may be included in a fracturing fluid, which is injected into a subterranean formation and used to stimulate hydrocarbon production from the subterranean formation.

Abstract: Binder compositions and methods for making and using same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the binder composition can include at least one unsaturated compound having two or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and at least one free radical precursor. At least one of the unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds can be a pi-bond that is not conjugated with an aromatic moiety and can be capable of free radical addition. The free radical precursor can be present in an amount of about 7 wt % to about 99 wt %, based on the weight of the one or more unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Lignocellulose composite products that include a hydrophobizing agent. The lignocellulose composite product can include a plurality of lignocellulose substrates, an at least partially cured binder composition, and a hydrophobizing agent. In one example, the hydrophobizing agent can include about 30 wt % to about 98 wt % of a fatty acid compound, about 0.1 wt % to about 15 wt % of a rosin acid compound, and about 1 wt % to about 40 wt % of an unsaponifiable compound. In another example, the hydrophobizing agent can include a tall oil pitch and a fatty acid composition.

Abstract: A plurality of proppants can include a plurality of particles and a cured composite resin, a curable composite resin, or a mixture of a cured composite resin and a curable composite resin disposed on each particle of the plurality of particles. The cured composite resin, prior to being cured, and the curable composite resin can each include a phenol-formaldehyde resin and an aluminosilicate clay, e.g., halloysite. The aluminosilicate clay can include a plurality of hollow tubular structures that can have an average exterior diameter of about 20 nm to about 200 nm and an average length of about 0.25 ?m to about 10 ?m.

Abstract: Binder compositions and methods for making and using same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the binder composition can include at least one unsaturated compound having two or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and at least one free radical precursor. At least one of the unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds can be a pi-bond that is not conjugated with an aromatic moiety and can be capable of free radical addition. The free radical precursor can be present in an amount of about 7 wt % to about 99 wt %, based on the weight of the one or more unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: The present application is directed to methods for preparation of polymer particles in gel form and carbon materials made therefrom. The carbon materials can have enhanced electrochemical properties and find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, as electrode material in ultracapacitors or batteries.

Abstract: Treated aldehyde-based resins containing one or more polyamines and methods for making and same. The treated aldehyde-based resin can be or include an aldehyde-based resin and a polyamine. The polyamine can be or include one or more aromatic polyamines, one or more poly(C2-C5 alkylene) polyamines, or a mixture thereof. The treated aldehyde-based resin can include about 0.05 wt % to about 10 wt % of the polyamine, based on a solids weight of the aldehyde-based resin.