Abstract: The invention relates to an analogue sensor for sensing deviation from a normal position in at least two directions. The sensor senses dimensions in at least one direction and for this purpose it has a ball (52) at the tip of a measuring stick (51), which is resiliently mounted in such a manner that it can move essentially about a center. It is the deviation of the tip from its normal position which is to be indicated. The stick has a sensor portion (8, 9; 54, 55; 71, 72) placed in a sensor unit, in such a manner that the sensor portion, upon external displacing force upon the measuring tip in any direction can be advanced from a normal position, essentially about a central point (CM; CM') and is returnable to the normal position by means of a force device (3; 21; 30; 53; 73; FIGS. 7A-7C, FIGS. 9A, 9B). The advancement from the normal position about the central point is indicated to provide a measure of the deviation.

Abstract: An arrangement is disclosed for establishing or defining measuring points which cannot be defined or established directly by a main station comprising distance measuring equipment which is operative to determine its own position and also the position of a position determining unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for coaction with a distance measuring instrument in the setting out of boundaries or like demarcations. The distance measuring instrument includes an electronic distance meter, a vertical angle meter (18) and a horizontal angle meter (19), a signal processing and computer unit (16, 16') which computes the position of a measuring reflector (12) in relation to the instrument, and an input means (17) for input of desired setting-out data for an area of land into a memory location in the computer prior to a setting-out operation. The distance measuring instrument is held directed towards the measuring reflector and repeatedly makes measurements thereon. With each measuring occasion, the computer unit (16) ascertains whether or not the data obtained lies within a predetermined, acceptable tolerance range in relation to the setting-out data.

Abstract: A measuring device measures the width of trees and other vertically disposed objects at a distance from these objects. An aiming instrument cites various points along the object and measures a distance to the object as well as provides a signal proportional to a plumb line angle sensor, a signal proportional to a horizontal angle device, and a distance measuring signal. A computer coupled to the aiming instrument will compute the diameter of the trees or other vertically disposed objects from the distance signal, angle sensor signal and horizontal angle device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for holding an instrument aligned onto a movable reflector, which may have the form of a cube corner prism. The instrument has a transmitter which transmits a slightly divergent beam of electromagnetic radiation onto the reflector, and a receiver which receives the radiation reflected by the reflector. An optical periphery modulator is placed downstream of the transmitter in the proximity of a lens or in a collimated beam path. The modulator modulates differently various peripheral parts of the transmitted beam of radiation, and if the instrument is not correctly aligned with the prism, the modulator introduces a modulation of low frequency of the radiation received by the receiver in a manner such that the phase position of the modulation is dependent on the direction in which the transmitted beam of radiation deviates from optimal alignment with the prism, and such that the amplitude of the modulation signal is dependent on the extent of this deviation.

Abstract: An electronic distance meter which makes a distance measurement by phase comparison between measuring signals modulated on an emitted light beam and on a received light beam reflected from a target is provided with a microphone, an amplifier and an extra modulation circuit, which modulates audible information on the measuring signal of the distance meter. A receiver provided with a detector sensible for the optical wavelength region of the emitted light beam is mounted at a reflecting prism mounted at the target. The receiver at the prism is provided with circuits for detecting the audible information modulated on the measuring signal and a loud speaker or an ear phone. At a receiver of the distance meter the audible information is filtered out from the received measuring signal before distance calculation is made by internal circuits of the instrument.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for measuring the distance to a point on the inner wall of a hot furnace.