Abstract: The invention concerns a collection of phagemids made up of a promotor, a gene of a fusion between a ligand protein, wherein the ligand protein in its processed state would be of from 40 to 60 amino acid residues, and a bacteriophage protein, at least one transcription terminator sequence, a replication origin derived from a single strand bacteriophage, a plasmid replication origin and facultatively at least one selection marker. Further, the invention concerns a collection of Escherichia coli clones or cells representing the collection of phagemids, a process for isolating phagemid particles with strong binding characteristics for a defined target molecule with the use of collections according to the invention and phagemid particles obtained according to the process.

Abstract: Invertase is produced by a process wherein, first the yeast cells are disrupted to produce a disrupted cell suspension, second the disrupted cell suspension is adjusted to an acidic pH, third denatured undersired proteins are removed with the cell detritus and lastly the invertase is isolated. The improvement of the invention to the state of the art is that it comprises subjecting the disrupted cell suspension prior to removing the undesired proteins and cell detritus, to a pH of less than 4.5 and to a heat treatment in a continuous thermal denaturation system at a temperature in a range of from 44.degree. C. to about 51.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for mild esterification of a sensitive carboxylic acid, in particular a suitably protected amino acid, with an alcohol component, the esterification according to the invention being carried out in the presence of 2,4,6-mesitylene-1-sulfonyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolide (MSNT) and a weak base in an aprotic and non-basic solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to cyclic antibiotics of formula ##STR1## wherein the prefix R represents that the substituents on the adjacent carbon atom are in the R configuration; the prefix S represents that the substituents on the adjacent carbon atom are in the S configuration; R.sub.1 is hydrogen or hydroxy and R.sub.2 is hydroxy or .beta.-glucopyranosyloxy, and to the hydrates and salts thereof, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts.The compounds of formula I are prepared by fermentation using the strain So ce 12 (NCIB 12134) of the species Sorangium celulosum and are effective antiobiotics.

Abstract: A process and installation for the flooding of petroleum deposits and oil shale and, more particularly, through the use of dispersions of non-ionogenic, boundary surface-active materials in water as the flooding medium. For the flooding of petroleum-hydrocarbon materials from petroleum deposits and oil shale there can be utilized dispersions of non-ionogenic, boundary surface-active glycolipids, and such preferred structures can be employed which are produced from hydrocarbon mixtures as the C-source. This is effected in two stages with predetermined technological measures. In the first stage, there are initially produced glycolipids through microorganisms with alkane mixtures under predetermined parameters in semi- or continual process cycles and, in the second stage, separated from the cellular material through temperature, pH, osmotic shock. The formed glycolipids can also be separated from the cellular material with unpolarized, organic solvent media.