Abstract: A turbine blade includes a core made of a highly heat-resistant alloy and a highly heat-resistant, nonporous, corrosion-resistant, metallic protective cover fitted onto the core. The cover forms a gas-tight metallurgical bond with the core and has great strength, high ductility and a uniform layer thickness. The process includes the steps of preshaping a core of highly heat-resistant material and fitting the preshaped core into a substantially preshaped, corrosion-resistant and highly heat-resistant cover. The cover is welded to the core at a point which during later use is subjected only to little stress to form a vacuum-tight seal and workpiece. The workpiece is heated in a pressure vessel to a temperature of at least 1000.degree. C, and the cover of the heated workpiece is heat-welded to the core by isotactic hot-pressing without the formation of pores.

Abstract: Gas separation nozzles are produced by machining the nozzle parts, such as a holding body and separation elements by moving sectional material, for example, prefabricated sectional steel or aluminum alloy rods through a high precision sliding guide path past a shaving tool, whereby the workpiece is pressed against supporting and retaining surfaces of the guide path at least at three points and a shaving tool is applied to the moving workpiece in an area defined by said three points so that the tool is effective as close as possible to the pressure applying points or areas. At least two separation elements are supported in a dovetail groove of a holding body so that nozzle edges of the elements extend into a gas deflection groove in the holding body. Where four separation elements are held in a common dovetail groove of the holding body, two of the four elements are provided with a gas deflection groove extending along its respective nozzle edge.

Abstract: A device for measuring the wear of a radioactively marked machine component by sensing the presence of radioactive wear fragments in a lubricant has a flow-through chamber; an inlet for tangentially introducing the lubricant into the flow-through chamber; a radiation detector at least partially surrounded by the flow-through chamber; and an outlet for removing the lubricant from the flow-through chamber. The device further includes an outer hollow cylinder having a closed radial end face; an inner hollow cylinder having a closed radial end face and an outer diameter which is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer hollow cylinder. The inner hollow cylinder is supported coaxially within the outer hollow cylinder and the space between the two cylinders constitutes the flow-through chamber. The cylinders are supported in a substantially horizontal orientation.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing flowable material in intermittent sequence comprises a hollow dosing sphere having a predetermined inner volume for forming samples of constant volume of the material introduced thereinto; a hollow radiation sphere connected to the outlet of the hollow dosing sphere; a radiation source supported within and centrally with respect to the hollow radiation sphere for a homogeneous activation of the sample introduced thereinto from the hollow dosing sphere; a hollow measuring sphere connected to the outlet of the hollow radiation sphere; and a detector arranged in the hollow measuring sphere for sensing the activity of the irradiated sample introduced thereinto from the hollow radiation sphere.

Abstract: A method of preparation for non-polluting storage of liquids containing phosphoric acid ester and hydrocarbons used in the reprocessing of spent nuclear fissile and/or fertile materials. The hydrocarbons are recycled for the production of fresh phosphoric ester-hydrocarbon solutions and the residue is brought into a form which can be fixed.

Abstract: A method is provided for purifying actinides which are present in a low oxidation state in aqueous solution. The actinides are purified of fission products by extracting the actinides from aqueous solution while confining the fission products to the aqueous solution. The actinides that are purified are selected from the group of uranium (IV), neptunium (IV) and plutonium (III). An aqueous nitric acid solution containing the actinides, hydrazine nitrate or hydroxyl ammonium nitrate, as well as fission products is initially subjected to an electrolysis voltage. If Pu (III) is involved, the electrolysis voltage is below the voltage at which oxygen develops at the anode and anodically oxidizes the Pu (III) to Pu (IV). The Pu (IV) which is formed is transferred by means of an organic extraction agent from the aqueous solution to an organic phase. The organic phase is then separated and used for the plutonium recovery process.

Abstract: By thoroughly mixing a compound of a base metal with a metal of the eighth subgroup of the Periodic Table, heating the resultant to a temperature in excess of 800.degree. C at which it is subjected to a stream of hydrogen and treating thus-obtained intermetallic compound at a still higher temperature and under a high vacuum, a base metal having a purity of at least 98 percent results. When the base metal is an actinide, an alloy or a mixture of alloy and intermetallic compound may be obtained in lieu of the indicated intermetallic compound.

Abstract: A method is provided for separating gaseous or vaporous substances, especially isotopes, with different molecular weights and/or different gas kinetic cross sections, in which the mixture of substances to be separated is passed through separation nozzles. One of more skimmer diaphragms project into the flow path of the substances and are used to separate and remove fractions of different compositions, and several separation systems consisting of nozzles and skimmer diaphragms are arranged in a cascade. The cascade generates partial streams which contain the mixture of substances to be separated. The partial streams can contain an additional gas with each partial stream containing different fractions of additional gas.

Abstract: A device for generating a high level electron current pulse includes a housing whose interior can be evacuated from outside the housing, a cathode electrode located in the housing and arranged to be connected to a high voltage generator, an anode electrode disposed in the housing in facing relation to the cathode electrode, the anode electrode having an opening aligned with the electron emission portion of the cathode electrode and being provided with a grid which covers this opening and which presents a high electron transmission level, the grid defining a plane with one face of the anode electrode, and the walls of the housing defining an annular space filled with a solution whose resistivity is a function of its concentration to give these walls a variable electrical resistance which can be adjusted to match the impedance of the cathode electrode - anode electrode system to that of the high voltage generator.

Abstract: Pure monocarbides, or pure mononitrides or carbonitrides of metals are prepared by first forming a mixture of carbon with an oxalate of the metals and thermally decomposing the metal oxalate in the presence of the carbon by a stream of hydrogen. The hydrogen is removed and monocarbides are then formed by heating the decomposition products in vacuo to carbothermally reduce them. Mononitrides and carbonitrides can be formed by replacing the hydrogen with nitrogen and heating the decomposition products in the nitrogen.

Abstract: Solid radioactive waste is incorporated in glass, ceramic or basaltic blocks which are conditioned in waste waters or sludges prior to placement in ultimate storage. The conditioning has the dual benefit of reducing the radioactivity of the radioactive waste and of purifying the waste water or of purifying and facilitating the filterability of the sludge. Such purifying is enhanced by concurrent treatment with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas and/or with a substance which is readily reduced to radicals.

Abstract: An apparatus for fixing radioactive or toxic waste has an extruder including a mixing mechanism for intermingling and advancing the waste and a carrier material introduced into the extruder. The extruder has a heating zone with which there communicates a vapor outlet device having an observation window. Within the vapor outlet device there is disposed an arrangement for cleaning the window and an arrangement for removing deposits from those locations of the vapor outlet device that are adjacent the mixing mechanism. The condenser is coupled to a distillate accumulator with the interposition of two alternatingly operating filters for removing particles from the condensate obtained from the condenser. To the outlet of the extruder there is coupled a loading device in which containers are successively filled with the material discharged by the extruder.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell includes a vessel defining an electrolysis chamber and a cover for the vessel. A tubular diaphragm divides the vessel into a cathode chamber extending inwardly from the diaphragm and an anode chamber extending outwardly from the diaphragm. A tubular anode is positioned in the anode chamber and a cathode is positioned in the cathode chamber. The cathode comprises a plurality of angularly spaced sheets positioned about a center axis which is common to the anode and diaphragm.

Abstract: A linear acceleration system composed of a high energy field emission source and two linear accelerators connected in sequence to accelerate electrons emitted by the source, the first accelerator shifting the electron pulses from the source by 180.degree. relative to phase and the second accelerator accelerating the electrons in a pulse whose energies differ from the lowest energy electrons by an amount which is less than the acceleration imparted to the lowest energy electrons and which differs therefrom by an amount proportional to such energy difference, whereby the electrons at the output of the second accelerator have a highly uniform energy level.

Abstract: Fast breeder fuel elements which have been highly burnt-up are reprocessed by extracting uranium and plutonium into an organic solution containing tributyl phosphate. The tributyl phosphate degenerates at least partially into dibutyl phosphate and monobutyl phosphate, which form stable complexes with tetravalent plutonium in the organic solution. This tetravalent plutonium is released from its complexed state and stripped into aqueous phase by contacting the organic solution with an aqueous phase containing tetravalent uranium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for accurately holding a sample at a temperature in the range below 0.degree.C by maintaining a constant temperature drop between an apparatus holding the sample and a coolant which is at a lower temperature, accompanied by inflow and outflow of small amounts of heat. The sample may be a measuring gas whose moisture content is to be set by establishing a given dew point temperature.

Abstract: For the in situ analysis of marine ore concretions, ore samples are aspirated from the sea floor and introduced in a sample container aboard a carrier body travelling underwater along and in the vicinity of the sea floor. While in the sample container, the ore concretions are exposed to radioactive rays for inducing a secondary radiation emanating from the ore concretions. The secondary radiation is measured for determining the quantity of the individual elements contained in the ore concretions.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the dose value of neutrons leaving a body as thermal and intermediate neutrons after having been scattered in the body. A first dose value of thermal and intermediate neutrons are detected on the surface of the body by means of a first detector for neutrons which is shielded against thermal and intermediate neutrons not emerging from the body. A second detector is used to measure a second dose value of the thermal and intermediate neutrons not emerging from the body. A first correction factor based on the first and second values is obtained from a calibration diagram and is applied to the first dose value to determine a first corrected first dose value.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the angular dependence of radiation scattered from a volume, including a local resolution radiation detector having a radiation-sensitive surface, and an optical system directing the radiation onto the radiation-sensitive surface in such a manner as to establish a single-value relationship between the angular direction of radiation from the volume and the location of impingement thereof on the radiation-sensitive surface.

Abstract: Method of determining the distance between an area under fire and the muzzle of the weapon by means of autoradiography of the irradiated firing residues on this area. Several carrier areas are fired at from various distances. The carrier areas are subsequently activated by neutron irradiation and subsequently contacted with a film sensitive to nuclear radiation. The series of autoradiographs produced after development on the film are compared with the autoradiograph, produced in the same way, of the firing trace to be investigated on the area fired at and used as a distance standard for that trace.