Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the substantially uniform irradiation of the entire area of cavities from the inside. The apparatus comprises a light source and a layer comprising a material having a high-scatter capability, low transmission and low absorption, wherein said layer fits well to the interior surface of a cavity. The method comprises placing an area-covering layer along rhe cavity wall of the cavity to be irradiated with a material having a high diffusive reflection capability, low transmission, and low absorption capability to obtain a lined cavity; introducing a light source onto the interior of the lined cavity; and irradiating the lined cavity so that the light entering from the area-covering layer into the cavity wall is homogeneously distributed.

Abstract: A method for measuring the type of motion and configuration of objects by observation of the objects and evaluation of the observation results, including the steps of: producing data representative of an image of the objects in a selected plane at successive time intervals; deriving, from the data, for each time interval, a representation of only one pair of coordinate values in the plane for each object; producing, from the coordinate values, representations of motion paths for the objects during a plurality of the time intervals; and producing, from the motion path representations, representations of the path traversed by each object, and the average local position, the period of dwell and number of reversals of direction of motion of each object during the plurality of time intervals.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining the velocity of an object in a given direction without contacting the object, by: directing coherent radiation to the object in a direction substantially perpendicular to the given direction to cause radiation to be scattered from the object to produce a speckle pattern exhibiting a speckle spectrum, the speckle pattern at a location spaced from the object having a time dependency which is a function of movement of the object, detecting the speckle pattern intensity at the location spaced from the object, producing a first signal representative of the detected speckle intensity, and producing, from the first signal, a time-dependent intensity signal having a value which is weighted as a function of the frequency of the first signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus with which a sealed gas containing first container, which is disposed in a sealed inaccessible and not visually observable further container, can be detectably opened. A thermally inducible opening mechanism disposed in a gas flow or connecting path in the wall of the first container is actuated and the gas escaping through the connecting path is detected acoustically. Among other uses, the invention can be used, in particular, for containers having radioactive contents which can be manipulated, welded and leak checked only in hot cells. The method is particularly suitable for leak checking fuel element containers or molds containing highly radioactive vitrified waste since the closing member of the first container can be composed of a soft solder plug and this plug can be melted out by local heating.